Fasting Reduces Intestinal Radiotoxicity, Enabling Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Bonilla, Marimar de la Cruz; Stemler, Kristina M.; Jeter-Jones, Sabrina; Fujimoto, Tara N.; Molkentine, Jessica M.; Torres, Gabriela Monroy; Zhang, Xiaomei; Broaddus, Russell R.; Taniguchi, Cullen M.; Piwnica‐Worms, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2533

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Finally, diet has been implicated in affecting many diseases including heart disease and cancer. A preclinical study revealed fasting reduced intestinal radiotoxicity using C57BL/6J mice, assessed by fasting improved intestinal stem cell regeneration and improved survival to lethal doses of abdominal RT [199]. Musa and Shabeeb reported natural products may have a potential for protection against RIHD, reviewing products such as hesperidin, curcumin, melatonin, zingerone, and Shen-Mai San (SMS), where SMS is examined in a clinical trial for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or RT (NCT01580358) [200].…”

Section: Influence Of Environmental Factors On Radiation Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Preclinical Research Models of Radiation-Induced Cardiac Toxicity

Schlaak

SenthilKumar

Boerma

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Radiation therapy (RT) is an important component of cancer therapy, with >50% of cancer patients receiving RT. As the number of cancer survivors increases, the short-and long-term side effects of cancer therapy are of growing concern. Side effects of RT for thoracic tumors, notably cardiac and pulmonary toxicities, can cause morbidity and mortality in long-term cancer survivors. An understanding of the biological pathways and mechanisms involved in normal tissue toxicity from RT will improve future cancer treatments by reducing the risk of long-term side effects. Many of these mechanistic studies are performed in animal models of radiation exposure. In this area of research, the use of small animal image-guided RT with treatment planning systems that allow more accurate dose determination has the potential to revolutionize knowledge of clinically relevant tumor and normal tissue radiobiology. However, there are still a number of challenges to overcome to optimize such radiation delivery, including dose verification and calibration, determination of doses received by adjacent normal tissues that can affect outcomes, and motion management and identifying variation in doses due to animal heterogeneity. In addition, recent studies have begun to determine how animal strain and sex affect normal tissue radiation injuries. This review article discusses the known and potential benefits and caveats of newer technologies and methods used for small animal radiation delivery, as well as how the choice of animal models, including variables such as species, strain, and age, can alter the severity of cardiac radiation toxicities and impact their clinical relevance.

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Section: Influence Of Environmental Factors On Radiation Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Preclinical Research Models of Radiation-Induced Cardiac Toxicity

Schlaak

SenthilKumar

Boerma

et al. 2020

Cancers

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show abstract

“…A more recent study by Li and co-workers (48) investigated short fasting periods in mice (12,48, and 72 h with eight mice per group) before radiation, which showed a survival rate of 0, 12.5, and 50%, respectively, in comparison to 0% survival in the control group following 7.5 Gy of γ-rays significance not reported. Additionally, Bonilla et al (38) reported a survival rate of 100% at day 30 in the fasted intervention group and a 0% survival rate in the non-fasted control group (significance not reported).…”

Section: Fastingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Cappelli et al (36), reported only raw data from which to determine mean time of survival after exposure and its standard deviation. Yoshida et al (37) and Bonilla et al (38) reported standard error that was converted to standard deviation via:…”

Section: Data Analysis and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, when results were only presented as figures (38)(39)(40), a plot reader was used to extract the data (https:// automeris.io/WebPlotDigitizer).…”

Section: Data Analysis and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cappelli et al (36) showed that prolonged intermittent fasting with short fasting periods for several weeks increased the mean survival time of mice with a large effect size of 0.69 (Figure 3). Bonilla et al (38) studied the effects of short term fasting in mice before abdominal irradiation upon a range of histological and biological outcomes. At the intestinal level, all measured histological parameters (number of regenerating crypts, number of crypts, villi height in the intestinal mucosa) showed an extremely large effect size (1.47, 3.15, and 3.80, respectively,) in favor of the fasting group; except for crypts depth analysis which had a large effect size of −0.8 in favor of the control group (Figure 3).…”

Section: Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Fasting and Caloric Restriction to Mitigate Radiation Damage—A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Detrimental health effects from ionizing radiation to living organisms is one of the key concerns identified and addressed by Radiation Protection institutions, nationally and internationally on Earth and for human spaceflight. Thus, new methods for mitigating the adverse effects of ionizing radiation are urgently needed for terrestrial health and deep space exploration. Caloric restriction and (intermittent-) fasting have been reported to elicit a variety of immediate and long-term physiological effects. The rapidly growing body of evidence of research studies investigating the effects of caloric restriction and dietary fasting points toward a multitude of benefits affecting numerous physiological systems. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to evaluate the evidence of caloric restriction and dietary fasting on the physiological response to ionizing radiation in humans and animals. All experimental studies of humans, animals, and eukaryotic cell lines available in PubMed, Cochrane library, and specialized databases were searched comparing irradiation post-caloric restriction or fasting to a non-nutritionally restricted control group on a broad range of outcomes from molecular to clinical responses. The initial search yielded 2,653 records. The final analysis included 11 studies. Most studies investigated survival rate or cancer occurrence in animals. Included studies did not reveal any benefit from pre exposure caloric restriction, except when performed with post radiation caloric restriction. However, the effects of pre-exposure fasting suggest increased resilience to ionizing radiation.

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“Nutrient–fungi–host” tripartite interaction in cancer progression

Wu,

Guan,

et al. 2024

iMeta

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The human microbiome exhibits a profound connection with the cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response, with particular emphasis on its components of the mycobiome, which are still in the early stages of research. In this review, we comprehensively summarize cancer‐related symbiotic and pathogenic fungal genera. The intricate mechanisms through which fungi impact cancer as an integral member of both gut and tissue‐resident microbiomes are further discussed. In addition, we shed light on the pivotal physiological roles of various nutrients, including cholesterol, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals, in facilitating the growth, reproduction, and invasive pathogenesis of the fungi. While our exploration of the interplay between nutrients and cancer, mediated by the mycobiome, is ongoing, the current findings have yet to yield conclusive results. Thus, delving into the relationship between nutrients and fungal pathogenesis in cancer development and progression would provide valuable insights into anticancer therapy and foster precision nutrition and individualized treatments that target fungi from bench to bedside.

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Fasting Reduces Intestinal Radiotoxicity, Enabling Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Cited by 27 publications

References 115 publications

Advances in Preclinical Research Models of Radiation-Induced Cardiac Toxicity

Advances in Preclinical Research Models of Radiation-Induced Cardiac Toxicity

The Potential of Fasting and Caloric Restriction to Mitigate Radiation Damage—A Systematic Review

“Nutrient–fungi–host” tripartite interaction in cancer progression

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