Fasting during promotion, but not during initiation, enhances the growth of methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumours

Tessitore, Luciana; Chiara, Marica; Sesca, Eliana; Premoselli, Federica; Binasco, Valentina; Dianzani, Mario U.

doi:10.1093/carcin/18.8.1679

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In female rats, 3 cycles of 3 days of fasting and 10 days of ad libitum feeding, started a week after initiation with methylnitrosourea intraperitoneally, increased multiplicity of mammary tumors [53]. Even a single 3-day period of fasting, imposed a week after initiation with dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, enhanced mammary tumor growth and reduced tumor latency [54].…”

Section: Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Short-Term Dietary Restriction and Fasting Have a Long-Term Anticarcinogenic Effect?

Klebanov

2006

Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology

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Long-term dietary restriction (DR) robustly inhibits various types of carcinogenesis in rodents. Because malignancies are a major cause of death in humans, reducing the incidence or, at least, delaying the time of onset of neoplasia may significantly increase longevity of a large proportion of the human population. Long-term DR may not however be practical in humans and, judging from religious practices, several days of fasting to several weeks of DR is what a large segment of the human population can adhere to. In contrast to long-term DR, a single episode of fasting or several fasting-refeeding cycles did not have any long-lasting beneficial and usually had even a deleterious effect on carcinogenesis in rodent models. On the other hand, DR of a relatively short (1-3 months) duration often significantly increased latency and reduced the incidence of cancer over the entire life span. These results suggest that the immediate anticarcinogenic action of DR is to slow down the expansion of initiated clones, but that several months of DR may be sufficient for the elimination of a significant portion of initiated precancerous clones through apoptosis. The development of optimized DR regimens for humans will be contingent on further advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer suppression by DR.

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Section: Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Short-Term Dietary Restriction and Fasting Have a Long-Term Anticarcinogenic Effect?

Klebanov

2006

Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology

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“…Nevertheless, the benefits and feasibility of such diets for human subjects have not been adequately identified and investigated. Interestingly, a recent study demonstrated that an IER diet modified the hypothalamic expression of critical genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and the regulation of the insulin and leptin pathways [14] Non-adherence is a common issue with human dietary interventions designed for weight loss, especially in diets that depend on restricted energy intake [15]. For instance, a systematic review and meta-analysis involving 45 randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of energy restriction interventions in obese individuals reported that nearly 28% of subjects dropped out due to non-adherence to their dietary interventions [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, a systematic review and meta-analysis involving 45 randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of energy restriction interventions in obese individuals reported that nearly 28% of subjects dropped out due to non-adherence to their dietary interventions [16]. Accordingly, increasing the ability to adhere to an IER diet is an important factor for its success [15,17]. One of the critical elements for adherence may be increased satiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Energy Restriction Combined with a High-Protein/Low-Protein Diet: Effects on Body Weight, Satiety, and Inflammation: A Pilot Study

Alzhrani

Bryant

2023

Obesities

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Intermittent energy restricted (IER) diets have become popular as a body weight management approach. In this pilot study, we investigated if an IER diet would reduce systemic inflammation and if maintaining an elevated protein level while on an IER diet would enhance satiety. Six healthy women, aged 33–55 years with a BMI of 27–33 kg/m2, were randomized to first adhere to either a low- or high-protein IER diet using whole foods for three weeks. They then returned to their regular diets for a week, after which they adhered to the second diet for three weeks. Each test diet consisted of three low-energy intake days followed by four isocaloric energy intake days. The diets differed only in protein content. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose, satiety, body weight, and waist circumference were measured at the beginning and end of each dietary intervention. Most participants showed reductions in hs-CRP levels from baseline on both IER diets but reported greater satiety when adhering to the higher protein IER diet. Overall, the IER diets reduced body weight and appeared to decrease inflammation in these overweight women, and the higher protein version enhanced satiety, which may lead to greater long-term dietary adherence.

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“…[50] In another study of rats, three periods of fasting/refeeding following carcinogen administration increased mammary tumor number compared with rats either fed ad libitum or subjected to only one period of fasting/refeeding. [51] We speculate that the periods of refeeding at the time of high-level carcinogen administration may enhance tumor development due to the release of many growth factors as well as the hormonal milieu present in young rats as they become sexually mature. The relevance of this to the etiology of most human cancers is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The manner in which calories are restricted impacts mammary tumor cancer prevention

Cleary¹,

Großmann²

2011

J Carcinog

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Although treatments for breast cancer have improved and long-term survival after diagnosis is now common, prevention of the disease is the ultimate goal. Weight loss or weight maintenance is one approach that has been recommended to reduce the risk of breast cancer, particularly for peri/postmenopausal women. This approach is supported by decades of data indicating that calorie restriction prevents spontaneous and chemically induced mammary tumor development in rodents. In most cases, calorie restriction was implemented by a consistent daily reduction of calories, i.e. chronic calorie restriction (CCR). There have also been several studies where periods of reduced caloric intake were followed by periods of refeeding, i.e. intermittent calorie restriction (ICR), resulting in the prevention of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis. In most of the early studies, there were no direct comparisons of CCR to ICR. One study using moderate calorie restriction in a chemically induced breast cancer rat model found a slight increase in mammary tumor incidence compared with ad libitum fed and CCR rats. However, recently, it has been demonstrated in several transgenic mouse models of breast cancer that ICR consistently provided a greater degree of protection than CCR. This review will provide a detailed comparison of ICR and CCR for breast cancer prevention. It will also examine potential mechanisms of action that may include periods of reduced IGF-I and leptin as well as an increase in the adiponectin:leptin ratio. Application of this approach to at-risk women may provide an approach to lower the risk of breast cancer in overweight/obese women.

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Fasting during promotion, but not during initiation, enhances the growth of methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumours

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Can Short-Term Dietary Restriction and Fasting Have a Long-Term Anticarcinogenic Effect?

Can Short-Term Dietary Restriction and Fasting Have a Long-Term Anticarcinogenic Effect?

Intermittent Energy Restriction Combined with a High-Protein/Low-Protein Diet: Effects on Body Weight, Satiety, and Inflammation: A Pilot Study

The manner in which calories are restricted impacts mammary tumor cancer prevention

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