Fasting differentially regulates expression of agouti-related peptide, pro-opiomelanocortin, prepro-orexin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mRNAs in the hypothalamus of Japanese quail

Phillips-Singh, D.; Li, Q.; Tanaka, Sakae; Ohkubo, Tadayasu; Sharp, P. J.; Boswell, Timothy

doi:10.1007/s00441-003-0755-8

Cited by 74 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Orexin-ir perikarya in house finches were restricted to a single population spanning the PVN and spreading into the LHy. This observation is similar to those in domesticated chicken and quail (Furuse et al, 1999;Ohkubo et al, 2002;Phillips-Singh et al, 2003). Although house finches (order Passeriformes) are phylogenetically distant from chicken and quail (Galliformes), (Groth and Barrowclough, 1999), the three species have a similar distribution of orexin-ir cells, suggesting a high level of conservation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Distribution of orexin/hypocretin immunoreactivity in the brain of a male songbird, the house finch, Carpodacus mexicanus

Singletary

Deviche

Strand

et al. 2006

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Distribution of orexin/hypocretin immunoreactivity in the brain of a male songbird, the house finch, Carpodacus mexicanus

Singletary

Deviche

Strand

et al. 2006

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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“…This result is in line with similar observations from several studies in teleosts, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals [Shibahara et al, 1999;Galas et al, 2001;Phillips-Singh et al, 2003;Kaslin et al, 2004;Huesa et al, 2005;Singletary et al, 2005Singletary et al, , 2006Nixon and Smale, 2007;. In contrast, orexins in specific cells of the adenohypophysis have been reported in human [Blanco et al, 2003], orexin-A in two species of anurans [Yamamoto et al, 2004;Suzuki et al, 2007], and orexin-A and orexin-B in the pituitary of two species of teleost fishes [Amiya et al, 2007;Suzuki et al, 2007Suzuki et al, , 2009.…”

Section: Distribution Of Orexin-ir Fibers In the Brain Of Vertebratessupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Thus, the situation found in turtles (Pseudemys) with abundant orexin-ir CSF-c cells closely resembles that observed in Neoceratodus , whereas lizards and Protopterus share a more restricted distribution of orexin-ir cells . The situation of orexin-ir cell bodies restricted to a single group (the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus) has also been observed in different avian species [Ohkubo et al, 2002;Phillips-Singh et al, 2003;Singletary et al, 2006].…”

Section: Orexin-ir Neurons In the Brain Of Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Distribution of Orexin/Hypocretin Immunoreactivity in the Brain of the Lungfishes <i>Protopterus dolloi</i> and <i>Neoceratodus forsteri</i>

et al. 2009

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Lungfishes are currently considered the closest living relatives of tetrapods and represent an interesting group for the study of evolutionary traits in the transition from fishes to tetrapods. The brains of lungfishes have received little attention in comparative studies probably due to the difficulty of obtaining these unique animals. In the present study the distribution of orexin (hypocretin)-like immunoreactivity was studied in the brain of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi and the Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri by using antibodies directed against the mammalian orexin-A and orexin-B peptides. Simultaneous detection of orexins and tyrosine hydroxylase or serotonin was used to assess the precise location of the orexins in the brain and to evaluate the possible influence of the orexin system on the monoaminergic cell groups. Although some differences were noted, a common pattern for the distribution of orexins in the two lungfishes studied was observed. In both species, most immunoreactive neurons were observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and dorsal hypothalamus. Only in Neoceratodus, however, were important cell populations found in the preoptic area and infundibular hypothalamus, whereas small numbers of faintly reactive neurons were present in the lateral septum and ventral striatum. Fiber labeling was widely distributed in all main brain subdivisions, but was more abundant in regions such as the septum, preoptic area, suprachiasmatic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, thalamus, pretectum and tegmentum. Less conspicuous was the innervation of the pallial regions, habenula, optic tectum, rhombencephalic reticular formation and spinal cord. Orexinergic innervation was found in close contact with dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotoninergic cell groups, homologous to the substantia nigra in the midbrain tegmentum, the locus coeruleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract and the raphe nuclei. Although unique features have been found for lungfishes, the location of orexin immunoreactive elements is largely consistent with that recently reported following a similar approach in amphibians and amniotes, suggesting that the general organization of this peptidergic system occurred in the common ancestor of lungfishes and tetrapods.

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“…Some studies show no difference in orexin A activity after fasting, (3,45,65), whereas others show elevated orexin expression or activity after fasting (50,66,69). Orexin A activity during states of positive energy balance has not been thoroughly tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orexin A (hypocretin 1) injected into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and spontaneous physical activity in rats

Kiwaki¹,

Kotz²,

Wang³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

135

134

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The mediator of the interaction between positive energy balance and physical activity is unknown. In this study, we address the hypothesis that orexin A acts in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to increase nonfeeding-associated physical activity. PVN-cannulated rats were injected with either orexin A or vehicle during the light and dark cycle. Spontaneous physical activity (SPA) was measured using arrays of infrared activity sensors and night vision videotaped recording (VTR). O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured by indirect calorimetry. Feeding behavior was assessed by VTR. Regardless of the time point of injection, orexin A (1 nmol) was associated with dramatic increases in SPA for 2 h after injection (orexin A: 6.27 Ϯ 1.95 ϫ 10 3 beam break count, n ϭ 24; vehicle: 1.85 Ϯ 1.13 ϫ 10 3 , n ϭ 38). This increase in SPA was accompanied by compatible increase in O2 consumption. Duration of feeding was increased only when orexin A was injected in the early light phase and accounted for only 3.5 Ϯ 2.5% of the increased physical activity. In a dose-response experiment, increases in SPA were correlated with dose of orexin A linearly up to 2 nmol. PVN injections of orexin receptor antagonist SB-334867 were associated with decreases in SPA and attenuated the effects of PVN-injected orexin A. Thus orexin A can act in PVN to increase nonfeeding-associated physical activity, suggesting that this neuropeptide might be a mediator of NEAT. energy expenditure; hypothalamus; obesity; nonexercise activity thermogenesis OBESITY AFFECTS ONE-THIRD of the American population and is the second leading cause of death in the United States after smoking (1). Treatment of obesity has proven difficult, and this intractability may be due to the fact that energy balance is regulated through multiple and complex mechanisms that are not fully understood (4). Maintenance of body weight is achieved by an intricate balance between energy intake and expenditure. We found that changes in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) mediate resistance to weight gain with overfeeding in sedentary adults (32). There is evidence that "spontaneous" physical activity (SPA) is familial (63) and shows marked interindividual differences in its contribution to daily energy expenditure (49); however, the mediator of the interaction between overfeeding and physical activity is unknown.Orexins (A and B, also known as hypocretin 1 and 2) are recently identified neuropeptides synthesized exclusively in the lateral hypothalamus, an area classically believed to be a crucial "feeding" center (25). Initial interest in these neuropeptides concentrated on their orexigenic actions, since central injection of orexins increased food intake, and prepro-orexin mRNA was shown to be upregulated with fasting (50). Apart from appetite regulation, orexins have been implicated in the central nervous system (CNS) regulation of arousal and sleep, cardiovascular function, temperature, metabolic rate, locomotor activity, pituitary secretion, glucose homeostasis, ...

show abstract

Fasting differentially regulates expression of agouti-related peptide, pro-opiomelanocortin, prepro-orexin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mRNAs in the hypothalamus of Japanese quail

Cited by 74 publications

References 57 publications

Distribution of orexin/hypocretin immunoreactivity in the brain of a male songbird, the house finch, Carpodacus mexicanus

Distribution of orexin/hypocretin immunoreactivity in the brain of a male songbird, the house finch, Carpodacus mexicanus

Distribution of Orexin/Hypocretin Immunoreactivity in the Brain of the Lungfishes <i>Protopterus dolloi</i> and <i>Neoceratodus forsteri</i>

Orexin A (hypocretin 1) injected into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and spontaneous physical activity in rats

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