Fasting and Post-Methionine Loading Concentrations of Homocysteine, Vitamin B2, and Vitamin B6 in Patients on Antiepileptic Drugs

Multinutrient Supplement as Treatment: Literature Review and Case Report of a 12-Year-Old Boy with Bipolar Disorder

“…Developing safe and effective treatments for earlyonset BP to which patients will adhere is critical. An additional reason for considering nutritional supplementation in cases like this, with a long history of conventional medication, is that many of the drugs routinely used for BP, especially anticonvulsant mood stabilizers, are reported to cause deficiencies or inefficient utilization of vitamins B6, B12, folate, and D (Apeland et al 2003;Mintzer et al 2006). Although not ordinarily listed as a side effect, this metabolic impairment of micronutrient absorption=utilization may be one of the important risks of chronic conventional medication.…”

Pyridoxal 5'‐phosphate in cerebrospinal fluid; factors affecting concentration

“…Most children with a seizure disorder are prescribed an AED, and it is known that several AEDs (carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbitone) can cause low plasma PLP (Attilakos et al 2006;Verrotti et al 2000;Apeland et al 2003). Hence theoretically, AEDs may also reduce CSF PLP.…”

The value of plasma vitamin B6 profiles in early onset epileptic encephalopathies

“…In contrast, earlier studies found reduced PLP in plasma of children treated with carbamazepine or valproic acid (Verrotti et al 2000;Vilaseca et al 2000). Reduced plasma PLP was also found in adult patients on treatment with carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone or a combination of anticonvulsants (Apeland et al 2003). Some of the anticonvulsants seem to inhibit pyridoxal kinase (di Salvo et al 2012).…”