Faster chitosan production by mucoralean strains in submerged culture

Abstract

Production of chitosan was conducted using two Mucoralean strains, Mucor racemosus and Cunninghamella elegans. Chitosan was extracted from mycelia of M. racemosus and C. elegans at different growth phases on YPD medium. In both fungi, chitosan was rapidly produced, while highest yield of extractable chitosan was found in 24h of cultivation in submerged culture. The yield of chitosan isolated from dry mycelia of M. racemosus was about 40% higher than from C. elegans. The degree of N-acetylation of chitosan was 49% in M. racemosus and 20% in C. elegans, and the D-glucosamine contents were about 48% and 90%, respectively.

Chitosans from Rhizopus stolonifer (strain CBMAI 1551): Characterization and Dense Film Formation

“…oryzae, which all had a purity above 80% (86.1, 85.2 and85.6, respectively). Variations on total amino sugars are related to many factors such as the species in study, the type and time of cultivation, and the methods employed for extraction [2]. Although important, the search for optimal conditions was not a subject of the present study.…”

“…Fungalchitosans have some distinctive features as absence of allergenic shrimp-related proteins and minerals, among others substances, as stated by Dhillon et al [13] and Kaur &Dhillon [18]. In spite of the great interest in increasing the final chitosan yield forthe fungi used as alternative for its obtainment, many researches havefocused on the native or direct extracted chitosan ( [2], [13], [18], [35], [36]) instead of the semi-synthetic form, via deacetylation of chitin. In addition to being easilyextracted, what means less costs and time of production, there is a great chance of finding a way to achieve a native chitosan with high deacetylation degree, and with regular medium-low molecular weight fibers and minimal degradation of fibers.…”

“…Many works have focused on identifying alternatives for the traditional methods of chitosan obtainment to overcome the unstable supply due to climate instabilities, absence of quality control during production, but especially in the search of a standardized means of obtainment and processing [2], [6], [18], [22], [31], [32], [36]. Fungi of different groups are interesting options for this purpose, especially with the hope to achieve a standardized product, more appropriated for pharmaceutical and medical purposes [13], [18].…”

“…Mucorales is represented by rapid growing moulds, often non-producers of mycotoxins, and by showing constitutive chitosan in all their life cycle, which can be more easily extracted [2], [13], [35]. A specimen of this group was specifically isolated for this study and identified.…”

Extracellular chitin deacetylase production in solid state fermentation by native soil isolates of Penicillium monoverticillium and Fusarium oxysporum

“…It is polycationic polysaccharides; possess unique functional properties favorable for wide variety of applications in food, biomedicine, cosmetic, agriculture, biotechnological and pharmaceutical industry (Amorim et al 2001;Synowiecki and Al-Khateeb 2003). However, its application has been restricted especially in food and bio-medicine because lack of commercial availability of high quality chitosan (Tsigos et al 2000;Amorim et al 2001;Suresh et al 2011a). Chitosan is commercially prepared from chitin.…”