Faster Biomineralization and Tailored Mechanical Properties of Marine-Resource-Derived Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Tunable Interconnected Porous Architecture

Abstract

Although hydroxyapatite (HA)-based porous scaffolds have been widely researched in the last three decades, the development of naturally derived biomimetic HA with a tunable elastic modulus and strength together with faster biomineralization properties has not yet been achieved. To address this specific issue, we report here a scalable biogenic synthesis approach to obtain submicron HA powders from cuttlefish bone. The marine-resource-derived HA together with different pore formers can be conventionally sintered to produce physiologically relevant scaffolds with porous architecture. Depending on pore formers, the scaffolds with a range of porosity of up to 51% with a larger range of pore sizes up to 50 μm were fabricated. An empirical relationship between the compression strength and the elastic modulus with fractional porosity was established. A combination of moderate compressive strength (12−15 MPa) with an elastic modulus up to 1.6 GPa was obtained from cuttlefish-bone-derived HA with wheat flour as the pore former. Most importantly, the specific HA scaffold supports the faster nucleation and growth of the biomineralized apatite layer with full coverage within 3 days of incubation in simulated body fluid. More importantly, the marine-species-derived HA supported better adhesion and proliferation of murine osteoblast cells than HA sintered using powders from nonbiogenic resources. The spectrum of physical and biomineralization properties makes cuttlefish-bone-derived porous HA a new generation of implantable biomaterial for potential application in cancellous bone regeneration.

Effect of Fe3+ substitution on the structural modification and band structure modulated UV absorption of hydroxyapatite

“…X‐ray diffraction patterns of HA powders treated with 0.01 M, 0.02 M, 0.03 M, 0.04 Mand 0.05 MFeCl 3 solution, respectively are compared with the standard pattern of HA (ICDD‐00‐009‐0432) as shown in Figure 1B. The characteristic peaks of undoped HA obtained at a 2θ values of 25.83°, 28.6°, 31.8°, 32.2°, 33.2° 35.7°, 39.7°, 46.9°, 50.1°, 53.1° and 63.6° are corresponding to (002), (210), (211), (112), (300), (301), (310), (222), (321), (004) and (502) planes respectively, which has been reported in our previous work 9 . Figure 1B also reveals the co‐existence of CaHPO 4 as a biocompatible secondary phase at 2θ values of 26.54° and 30.24° are corresponding to (200) and planes respectively (ICDD: 01‐070‐1425) along with HA 9,41 .…”

“…Simultaneously, the drop‐wise addition of ortho‐phosphoric acid (85% H 3 PO 4 ) was followed to complete the reaction. The resultant white thick solution was dried in a hot air oven at 100°C to obtain dry HA powder 9 …”

“…In this regard, the development of sunscreen filters using calcium phosphate can be of interest as it has already shown potential applications in the field of pharmacy 3,8 . Hydroxyapatite (HA) (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ), which is a primary mineral component of hard tissue (bone, teeth) is a highly stable, biocompatible and non‐toxic material with its application as a bioceramic material 9 . The choice of hydroxyapatite as a sunscreen filter is owing to tune its property of absorption in the UV region with the aid of metal ion incorporation 4,10 .…”

Mussel Shell-Derived Macroporous 3D Scaffold: Characterization and Optimization Study of a Bioceramic from the Circular Economy

“…The mechanical performances of porous structures are strongly related to the porosity; in this study, considering the relatively high porosity (about 90% porosity), the compressive strength values were in agreement with the previously reported strength-porosity curves [25]. Comparing with literature data of porous structures of marine origin, Hadagalli et al [40] reported scaffolds made from cuttlefish bones that were prepared by the foaming method. In this case, the maximum achieved porosity was about 50%, i.e., much lower than that obtained in the present study.…”

Hydroxyapatite Formation on Self-Assembling Peptides with Differing Secondary Structures and Their Selective Adsorption for Proteins

“…Hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , termed HAp) composes the primary inorganic contents of human tooth and bone and is a representative of biomineralization and bioinspired materials [34,35,36,37,38,39,40]. Hadagalli et al established mineralization of porous HAp scaffolds, in which pores are obtained using organic pore formers, such as wax, wheat flour, or milk powder, and exhibit good cytocompatibility with osteoblasts in vitro [41]. Wei et al synthesized biomineralized microspheres as follows: an amphipathic poly( l -lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly( l -lactide) triblock copolymer was coated with gelatin, then the microspheres were immersed in simulated body fluid containing dissolved alendronate.…”