Fast thermometry for trapped ions using dark resonances

Roßnagel, Johannes; Tolazzi, Karl Nicolas; Schmidt‐Kaler, F.; Singer, Kilian

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/17/4/045004

Cited by 41 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Individual errors result from fits to the dark-resonances as well as the uncertainty due to the laserlinewidths [9]. Individual fits reveal thermalization time constants for heating and cooling of 189(26) µs and 216(13) µs, respectively.…”

Section: Fig 2 Temperature Dynamics Of the Engine (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual fits reveal thermalization time constants for heating and cooling of 189(26) µs and 216(13) µs, respectively. (b) Dependence of the hot bath temperature TH on the root-mean-square of the electric noise applied to the trap electrodes, measured by dark-state thermometry (circles) [9] and spatial thermometry (triangles) [22]. (c) Simulated temperature of the ion as a function of time using the parameters for thermalization.…”

Section: Fig 2 Temperature Dynamics Of the Engine (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use laser cooling and electric field noise to engineer cold and hot reservoirs. We further employ fast thermometry methods to determine the temperature of the ion [9]. The thermodynamic cycle of the engine is established for various temperature differences of the reservoirs, from which we deduce work and heat, and thus power output and efficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hot reservoir interaction with finite temperature T H is designed by additionally exposing the ion to white electric field noise. The interplay of photon scattering and noise leads to a thermal state of the ion at temperature T at any given moment [9,20,21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cold bath interaction is realized by exposing the ion to a laser cooling beam, leading to an equilibrium temperature of T C = 3.4 mK [9,18]. A hot reservoir interaction with finite temperature T H is designed by additionally exposing the ion to white electric field noise.…”

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A single-atom heat engine

Roßnagel

Dawkins

Tolazzi

et al. 2016

Science

757

645

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We report the experimental realization of a single-atom heat engine. An ion is confined in a linear Paul trap with tapered geometry and driven thermally by coupling it alternately to hot and cold reservoirs. The output power of the engine is used to drive a harmonic oscillation. From direct measurements of the ion dynamics, we determine the thermodynamic cycles for various temperature differences of the reservoirs. We use these cycles to evaluate power P and efficiency η of the engine, obtaining up to P = 342 yJ and η = 2.8 , consistent with analytical estimations. Our results demonstrate that thermal machines can be reduced to the ultimate limit of single atoms.Heat engines have played a central role in our modern society since the industrial revolution. Converting thermal energy into mechanical work, they are ubiquitously employed to generate motion, from cars to airplanes [1]. The working fluid of a macroscopic engine typically contains of the order of 10 24 particles. In the last decade, dramatic experimental progress has lead to the miniaturization of thermal machines down to the microscale, using microelectromechanical [2], piezoresistive [3] and cold atom [4] systems, as well as single colloidal particles [5,6] and single molecules [7]. In his 1959 talk "There is plenty of room at the bottom", Richard Feynman already envisioned tiny motors working at the atomic level [8]. However, to date no such device has been built.Here we report the realization of a single-atom heat engine whose working agent is an ion, held within a modified linear Paul trap. We use laser cooling and electric field noise to engineer cold and hot reservoirs. We further employ fast thermometry methods to determine the temperature of the ion [9]. The thermodynamic cycle of the engine is established for various temperature differences of the reservoirs, from which we deduce work and heat, and thus power output and efficiency. We additionally show that the work produced by the engine can be effectively stored and used to drive an oscillator against friction. Our device demonstrates the working principles of a thermodynamic heat engine with a working agent reduced to the ultimate single particle limit, thus fulfilling Feynman's dream.Trapped ions offer an exceptional degree of preparation, control and measurement of their parameters, allowing for ground state cooling [10] and coupling to engineered reservoirs [11]. Owing to their unique properties, they have recently become invaluable tools for the investigation of quantum thermodynamics [12][13][14][15][16][17]. They additionally provide an ideal setup to operate and characterize a single particle heat engine.In our experiment, a single 40 Ca + ion is trapped in a linear Paul trap with a funnel-shaped electrode geometry, as shown in Fig. 1a [15]. The electrodes are driven symmetrically at a radio-frequency voltage of 830 V pp at 21 MHz, resulting in a tapered harmonic pseudopotential [10] of the form U = (m/2) i ω 2 i i 2 , where m is the atomic mass and i ∈ {x, y} denote the trap axes as...

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Section: Fig 2 Temperature Dynamics Of the Engine (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 2 Temperature Dynamics Of the Engine (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A single-atom heat engine

Roßnagel

Dawkins

Tolazzi

et al. 2016

Science

757

645

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Coherent control of $$^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$$ ion qubit states and thermometry using motional decoherence

Jeon

Park

et al. 2021

J. Korean Phys. Soc.

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Quantum thermometry with trapped ions

Ivanov

2019

Optics Communications

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We introduce the estimation protocol for detecting the temperature of the transverse vibrational modes of linear ion crystal. We show that thanks to the laser induced laser coupling between the vibrational modes and the collective spin states the estimation of the temperature is carried out by set of measurements of the spin populations. We show that temperature estimation protocol using single ion as a quantum probe is optimal in a sense that the set of state projective measurement saturates the fundamental Cramer-Rao bound. We find a plateau of the maximal temperature sensitivity using ion chain as a quantum probe. Moreover, we show that the non-classical part of the quantum Fisher information could leads to enhancement of the temperature sensitivity compared to the single ion case.PACS numbers:

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Fast thermometry for trapped ions using dark resonances

Cited by 41 publications

References 51 publications

A single-atom heat engine

A single-atom heat engine

Coherent control of $$^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$$ ion qubit states and thermometry using motional decoherence

Quantum thermometry with trapped ions

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