“…More efficient approaches based on sparse vector methods were proposed (Chang and Brandwajn, 1988) including partial matrix re-factorisation and factor update (Chan and Brandwajn, 1986). The difficulty of managing PV-PQ node type switching in the framework of contingency screening is witnessed by two recent papers (Davis and Overbye, 2011;Obah and Kim, 2008); in the former the reactive problem is not considered, while in the latter, a sensitivity method is proposed to correct the outage severity index obtained by a DC load flow computation, but again no PV-PQ type switching is performed.…”