Fast start-up and stable operation of mainstream anammox without inoculation in an A2/O process treating low COD/N real municipal wastewater

Combination of Sequencing Batch Operation and A/O Process to Achieve Partial Mainstream Anammox: Pilot-Scale Demonstration and Microbial Ecological Mechanism

“…Recently, partial denitrification (PD) without the need for NOB suppression has offered a novel approach for stable NO 2 − −N production. 3,8,14 Moreover, the integration of PD and anammox (PD/A), which offers distinct advantages including engineering stability, high loading rates, good effluent quality, and superior disturbance-resistant ability compared with PN/A, 15,16 has attracted increasing interest in the area of mainstream anammox. A few pioneering works on PD/A treating low C/N municipal wastewater showed its great potential in engineering applications.…”

“…Even worse, excess nitrate derived from the PN/A process is another challenge to meet strict nitrogen discharge standard. Recently, partial denitrification (PD) without the need for NOB suppression has offered a novel approach for stable NO 2 – –N production. ,, Moreover, the integration of PD and anammox (PD/A), which offers distinct advantages including engineering stability, high loading rates, good effluent quality, and superior disturbance-resistant ability compared with PN/A, , has attracted increasing interest in the area of mainstream anammox. A few pioneering works on PD/A treating low C/N municipal wastewater showed its great potential in engineering applications. ,,, Besides, inhibition by influent organics, particularly relatively high C/N municipal wastewater, is another limiting factor in mainstream anammox .…”

“…Recently, partial denitrification (PD) without the need for NOB suppression has offered a novel approach for stable NO 2 – –N production. ,, Moreover, the integration of PD and anammox (PD/A), which offers distinct advantages including engineering stability, high loading rates, good effluent quality, and superior disturbance-resistant ability compared with PN/A, , has attracted increasing interest in the area of mainstream anammox. A few pioneering works on PD/A treating low C/N municipal wastewater showed its great potential in engineering applications. ,,, Besides, inhibition by influent organics, particularly relatively high C/N municipal wastewater, is another limiting factor in mainstream anammox . Enhanced fermentation could largely alleviate organics inhibition of anammox by facilitating the hydrolysis of complex organics and/or mitigating the competition between heterotrophic bacteria (HB) and anammox bacteria. , Nevertheless, fermentative conditions are difficult to maintain in biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes in continuous-flow mode because of continuous internal/external reflux .…”

ZVI-Mediated High-Rate Nitrogen Removal from Fulvic Acid (FA)-Containing Wastewater by Anammox: Revealing the Genomic and Molecular Level Mechanisms

“…Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is one of the most energy-efficient environmental autotrophic biotechnologies for N removal from low C/N wastewater. 7 Humic substances (HSs), as one of the main compounds of refractory organics, have a huge toxic effect on microbial communities mediating anammox, thereby lowering the efficiency of N removal. 8 It was reported that HSs account for 60% of organics in landfill leachate.…”

“…It is economically expensive due to the requirement of external carbon sources when treating such wastewater via conventional processes. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is one of the most energy-efficient environmental autotrophic biotechnologies for N removal from low C/N wastewater . Humic substances (HSs), as one of the main compounds of refractory organics, have a huge toxic effect on microbial communities mediating anammox, thereby lowering the efficiency of N removal .…”