Fast Spectral Impedance Measurement Method Using a Structured Random Excitation

Majzoub, Sohaib; Allagui, Anis; Elwakil, Ahmed S.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.2984005

Cited by 15 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…When a wide-band signal is delivered to the target material, demodulation of the signal obtained from the target material can result in impedance information for a wide band or multiple frequencies at once [21]. Such wide-band signals include white noise [22], chirp [21], [23], maximum length sequences (MLS) [21], differential maximum length sequence (DMLS) [21], and multiple-sine signals [23]. On the contrary, when a single-tone signal is delivered to the target material, the impedance spectrum can be obtained by measuring the impedance for the particular frequency at a time [24], [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Sinusoidal Signal Generators for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy: Methodological Review

Kweon¹,

Rafi

Cheon

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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This paper reviews architectures and circuit implementations of on-chip sinusoidal signal generators (SSGs) for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) applications. In recent years, there have been increasing interests in on-chip EIS systems, which measure a target material's impedance spectrum over a frequency range. The on-chip implementation allows EIS systems to have low power and small form factor, enabling various biomedical applications. One of the key building blocks of on-chip EIS systems is on-chip SSG, which determines the frequency range and the analysis precision of the whole EIS system. On-chip SSGs are generally required to have high linearity, wide frequency range, and high power and area efficiency. They are typically composed of three stages in general: waveform generation, linearity enhancement, and current injection. First, a sinusoidal waveform should be generated in SSGs. The generated waveform's frequency should be accurately adjustable over a wide range. The firstly generated waveform may not be perfectly linear, including unwanted harmonics. In the following linearity-enhancement step, these harmonics are attenuated by using filters typically. As the linearity of the waveform is improved, the precision of the EIS system gets ensured. Lastly, the filtered voltage waveform is now converted to a current by a current driver. Then, the current sinusoidal signal is injected into the target impedance. This review discusses the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various techniques applied to each step in state-of-the-art on-chip SSGs. In addition, state-of-the-art designs are compared and summarized.

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