Fast RFID Tag Sorting at the Edge for Internet of Things

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) has gained great popularity in various fields including smart warehouse and intelligent manufacturing. As a building block of IoT network, the Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology enables a large and ever-increasing number of physical objects to be monitored across the Internet via tag identification. Efficiently managing massive tags in RFID systems becomes an important research issue for IoT networks. This paper focuses on a fundamental management problem -tag-sorting, which is to (1) put a set S of identified tags into a certain order by informing each tag t ∈ S of a unique integer ∆(t) ∈ {1, 2, • • • , |S|}, and meanwhile (2) keep unidentified tags from receiving any of these integers. For RFID systems, it is critical to solve this problem as quickly as possible in the sense that, once sorted, every identified tag t ∈ S can be manipulated via t's log 2 (|S|)-bit integer significantly shorter than t's 96-bit long tag-ID (log 2 (|S|) 96), boosting efficiency substantially. The existing works of literature, however, fails to solve this problem rapidly, as they accomplish (1) and (2) separately by using aloha-like protocols and Bloom filters, which incur a long communication time far from the optimum. In this paper, we overcome this drawback by proposing a protocol P sort capable of solving the problem fastly. In particular, this protocol is built with a novel data structure and communication scheme to achieve (1) and (2) simultaneously by using a communication time proven to be much less than the stateof-the-art protocols. The simulation results demonstrate the competence of P sort in achieving about 1.4× speedup than the state-of-the-art solutions.INDEX TERMS IoT network, edge server, RFID systems, tag management, tag-sorting, unidentified tag, identified tag.

Implementation Of Active RFIDs In Inventory Systems

“…The sequential procedure of this study demonstrates the clear planning process conducted in the establishment of a multi-layered system. There are four elements of the design system that have been developed that include power consumption, radio range, size, and cost [12], [13]. The setting of the testing environment in which this network is deployed dictates the boundaries or the capabilities of the system.…”

“…The gateway and server sections of the system remain uninterrupted as the scale of the network expands. Most of the data traffic that circulates in the mesh network is regulated by the concentrators [12], [20]- [22]. Therefore, scalability of the system relies primarily on the end node to concentrator ratio.…”

“…Because of this, the concentrator must be connected to a stable and steady input supply. Like the concentrator, the gateway is supplied by the mains power and does not rely on batteries like the end nodes [12]- [14], [23]- [26].…”

“…A paper [12] highlighted LoRa ® radios for condition monitoring; the device used a star system where multiple transmitting nodes broadcasted data to the central receiver. The gateway then took the data to the cloud through the help of the internet.…”

“…The paper neither uses a buffer to control data traffic nor suggest an economical alternative for a real-life scale warehouse. Unlike the model suggested in the article [12] this paper uses a buffer to reduce the amount of data traffic that passes through the gateway. This ensures that the end node is not lost due or corrupted due to limited bandwidth at the gateway level.…”