Fast Radiochemical Separations for Heavy Elements

Trautmann, N.

doi:10.1524/ract.1995.7071.s1.237

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Cold fusion reactions in which 50 Ti, 54 Cr, 58 Fe, 62,64 Ni, and 70 Zn projectiles are fused with 208 Pb and 209 Bi targets tend to give the highest cross sections, however, the neutron deficient product nuclei in these reactions have half-lives of mostly less than one second. This is too short for most existing chemical techniques, in particular for those which allow the study of detailed chemical properties.…”

Section: Nuclidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

Kratz¹

2011

Radiochimica Acta

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Rapid automated chemical separations / Liquid-liquid extraction / Ion exchange /Reversed-phase extraction chromatography / α-particle spectroscopy / Relativistic effects Summary. The experimental techniques developed to perform rapid chemical separations of the heaviest elements in the aqueous phase are presented. In general, these include transport of the nuclear reaction products to a separation device by the gas-jet technique and dissolution in an aqueous solution containing inorganic ligands for complex formation. The complexes are chemically characterized by a partition method which can be liquid-liquid extraction, ion-exchangeor reversed-phase extraction chromatography. The separated fractions are quickly evaporated to dryness for the preparation of samples for α-particle spectroscopy. Comments are given on the special situation in which chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. Theoretical predictions of chemical properties are compared to the presently known chemical behaviour of rutherfordium, Rf (element 104), dubnium, Db (element 105), seaborgium, Sg (element 106), and hassium, Hs (element 108) and to that of their lighter homologs in the Periodic Table in order to assess the role of relativistic effects in the chemistry of the heaviest elements.

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Section: Nuclidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. Schematic representation of a target and recoil chamber arrangement with He/aerosoljet [58]. Reprinted with the permission of Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München.…”

Section: Target and Transport Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

Kratz¹

2011

Radiochimica Acta

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“…Recent reviews of fast chemical separation procedures developed for transactinide studies can be found in [30,48]. Nevertheless, the most pertinent techniques are also presented here.…”

Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kratz¹

2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Names of countries given after Members' names are in accordance with the IUPAC Handbook 1998Handbook -1999. Republication Abstract: In this paper, the chemical properties of the transactinide elements rutherfordium, Rf (element 104); dubnium, Db (element 105); and seaborgium, Sg (element 106) are critically reviewed. The experimental methods for performing rapid chemical separations on a time scale of seconds are reviewed, and comments are given on the special situation with the transactinides for which the chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. There follows a systematic description of theoretical predictions and experimental results on the chemistry of Rf, Db, and Sg-their mutual comparison and evaluation. The literature cited has the cutoff date of March 1999. The more recent chemical identification of bohrium, Bh (element 107), and of hassium, Hs (element 108), should be evaluated in a future Part II of this report.

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“…Today, the fastest chemical separations have reached the one-second half-life range for studies of SHE. Experimental details and reviews on methods and techniques with varying emphasis can be found in [25,54,61,[94][95][96][97][98][99] and in a comprehensive coverage [100].…”

Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of superheavy elements

Schädel

2012

Radiochimica Acta

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Summary. The chemistry of superheavy elements -or transactinides from their position in the Periodic Table -is summarized. After giving an overview over historical developments, nuclear aspects about synthesis of neutron-rich isotopes of these elements, produced in hot-fusion reactions, and their nuclear decay properties are briefly mentioned. Specific requirements to cope with the one-atom-at-a-time situation in automated chemical separations and recent developments in aqueous-phase and gas-phase chemistry are presented. Exciting, current developments, first applications, and future prospects of chemical separations behind physical recoil separators ("pre-separator") are discussed in detail. The status of our current knowledge about the chemistry of rutherfordium (Rf, element 104), dubnium (Db, element 105), seaborgium (Sg, element 106), bohrium (Bh, element 107), hassium (Hs, element 108), copernicium (Cn, element 112), and element 114 is discussed from an experimental point of view. Recent results are emphasized and compared with empirical extrapolations and with fully-relativistic theoretical calculations, especially also under the aspect of the architecture of the Periodic Table.

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Fast Radiochemical Separations for Heavy Elements

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Chemistry of superheavy elements

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