Fast processes in liquid metal foams investigated by high-speed synchrotron x-ray microradioscopy

Abstract

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Metal Foaming Investigated by X-ray Radioscopy

“…Although the contrast of such images is low due to the short exposure time and consequent limited dynamics of the images, it is clearly visible in Figure 2 that the coalescence of two bubbles is completed in ~475 μs and that the rupture of a film lasts for ~380 μs, if we consider the end of the rupture as the point, where the contour of the new bubble becomes straight before it ends as convex. In this experiments it was possible to demonstrate that the rupture time of a film is dominated by the inertia of the fluid and not by its viscosity as rupture occurred so fast [14]. Therefore, it could be demonstrated that stabilization by an effective viscosity only, which would be as high as η = 0.4 Pa·s (as calculated by Gergely et al [19]) does not apply to metal foams of the type investigated here.…”

“…This permits us to follow the overall process and resolve in-situ not only slow processes (>1 ms exposition time) such as pore nucleation and growth, foam expansion or drainage, or simply observe the overall foaming process, but also very fast ones (≤1 ms exposition time) such as cell wall rupture, bubble coalescence, rapid bubble motions or oscillations. Figure 1 shows the improvement of time resolution for X-ray synchrotron radioscopy achieved in the past years as reported in the literature [14][15][16][17][18] and recent results. …”

“…Third-generation synchrotron light sources deliver a polychromatic X-ray photon flux density high enough to perform radiography with micro-resolution in both space and time [12][13][14][15]. The rapid development of imaging hardware, especially in the field of CMOS sensors, and their continuously improving sensitivity now allows for extraordinarily high recording speeds, with exposition times down to 1 μs for a considerable (at least 10 × 20 mm 2 ) field of view.…”

The rupture of a single liquid aluminium alloy film

“…15 The rupture of an individual single lm within an evolving liquid metal foam was discussed by measuring the velocity of a retreating lm, which is a novel insight regarding metal foam stability. 16 However, different structures in real foams impose a limit to the understanding of the behaviour of its individual elements, e.g. plateau borders or nodes.…”

Analysis of liquid metal foams through X-ray radioscopy and microgravity experiments

“…[1][2][3][4][5] On the other hand in situ X-ray radioscopy was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the study of foam evolution. [6][7][8][9][10] The combination of X-ray radioscopy and microgravity conditions offers a unique environment for fundamental studies.…”