Diverse ZnO nanostructures were successfully fabricated at 700
°C by direct annealing of 1D Zn(II) coordination polymer precursors,
namely, [Zn
2
(bpma)
2
(adc)
2
]
n
, [Zn
2
(bpea)
2
(adc)
2
]
n
, and {[Zn
2
(bpta)
2
(adc)
2
]·2H
2
O}
n
. The effect of sacrificial ligands present in the precursors as
well as a variation in the retention time (6–24 h) during their
synthesis resulted in 0D nanospheres, 1D microrods, and 3D polyhedra
(with a diamond-like structure) of ZnO. The as-synthesized ZnO nanostructures
were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy,
transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The hexagonal crystal structure
was confirmed for all the ZnO samples. A lattice spacing of 0.22 nm
has been observed for nanospheres, whereas a lattice spacing of 0.26
nm has been observed for the polyhedra. Their Raman spectra confirm
the wurtzite phase of ZnO. UV–vis spectra of ZnO nanostructures
exhibit broad peaks in the range of 350–370 nm, and the band
gap energies are found to be in the range of 3.02–3.20 eV.
Based on the photoluminescence spectra photocatalytic activities of
the as-synthesized ZnO nanostructures calcined for 12 h were tested
with methylene blue (MB) as a contaminant in an aqueous solution.
These results demonstrate that the photocatalytic efficiency of polyhedra is
higher than those of nanospheres and microrods. The adsorption kinetics
of MB dye by these nanostructures were studied by three different
kinetic models—Elovich’s, intraparticle, and pseudo-second-order.
The maximum rate of adsorption was observed with the intraparticle
diffusion model.