Fast-Neutron-Induced Changes in Quartz and Vitreous Silica

Primak, William

doi:10.1103/physrev.110.1240

Cited by 315 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The change in relative density following electron irradiation that we observed for α-quartz was about −4%, much smaller than the effect of neutron irradiation, which is reported as 14−15% (Primak 1958;Lell et al 1968;Bykov et al 1981). Other research has shown that the metamictized structure resulting from neutron irradiation is not the same as that caused by electron irradiation (Hobbs 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…The main reason is considered as an expansion of aggregate, because α-quartz is well-known to show an expansion and density reduction under neutron and electron irradiation (Primak et al 1955;Primak 1958;Bonnet et al 1994;Douillard and Duraud 1996;Bolse 1999;Ewing et al 2000;Field et al 2015). It is hence considered that the natural rock should be sensitive to irradiation, which poses very important issues on the durability of concrete under irradiation as 1) expansion of aggregate, and 2) degradation of concrete performance as a result of 1) (Maruyama et al 2012;Field et al 2015;Giorla et al 2015;Le Pape et al 2015Maruyama et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Change in Relative Density of Natural Rock Minerals Due to Electron Irradiation

Maruyama

Muto

2016

ACT

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We investigated changes in the density of natural rock minerals following high-energy electron irradiation, using the plasmon peak shift of electron energy-loss spectra and transmission electron microscopy. The target materials were the natural rock minerals α-quartz, orthoclase, anorthite, albite, biotite, muscovite, and chlorite. These crystalline minerals can be classified into three groups based on their Si-network geometries: 3-dimensional 6-member ring; 4-member ring + 6-member ring; and planar 6-member ring. The metamictization rates and changes in relative density are discussed using a phenomenological model, which we used to identify the physical parameters that describe the metamictization process as a function of the volume density of Si and Al atoms, or Si atoms alone, in the crystal structures. The relative densities following metamictization all decreased by more than a few percent, except for albite, which became denser. These results suggest that radiolysis damage causes initial compaction, then metamictization, characterized by the expansion of the Siand Al-polyhedra in the aggregate. The stability of concrete containing α-quartz, orthoclase, and anorthite should be further investigated in the light of the present results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Relative Density of Natural Rock Minerals Due to Electron Irradiation

Maruyama

Muto

2016

ACT

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“…For quartz too, this has been proposed as the primary damage manifestation at low dosage [1,11]. Because the oxygen vacancy in quartz can trap localized charge, forming the E (color) center, such defects have been used to study damage in neutron radiated and ion-implanted quartz [1,14].…”

Section: A Structural Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such damage has been described in term of an accumulation of point defects, which eventually causes structural amor-phization [1,11]. However, the final amorphized structure is found to be different from that of glassy silica, and the detailed nature of the formed point defects has not been clearly identified [10,11]. Numerous studies have focused on the oxygen vacancies created during irradiation [1,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature of radiation-induced defects in quartz

Wang

Pignatelli

et al. 2015

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Although quartz (α-form) is a mineral used in numerous applications wherein radiation exposure is an issue, the nature of the atomistic defects formed during radiation-induced damage have not been fully clarified. Especially, the extent of oxygen vacancy formation is still debated, which is an issue of primary importance as optical techniques based on charged oxygen vacancies have been utilized to assess the level of radiation damage in quartz. In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are applied to study the effects of ballistic impacts on the atomic network of quartz. We show that the defects that are formed mainly consist of over-coordinated Si and O, as well as Si-O connectivity defects, e.g., small Si-O rings and edge-sharing Si tetrahedra. Oxygen vacancies, on the contrary, are found in relatively low abundance, suggesting that characterizations based on E centers do not adequately capture radiation-induced structural damage in quartz. Finally, we evaluate the dependence on the incident energy, of the amount of each type of the point defects formed, and quantify unambiguously the threshold displacement energies for both O and Si atoms. These results provide a comprehensive basis to assess the nature and extent of radiation damage in quartz.

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Silica, Vitreous Silica

Sempolinski

Schermerhorn

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Vitreous silica is a high temperature, single‐component glass commercially available in a wide range of purities. It has superior chemical resistance, low thermal expansion, and excellent optical transmission from the uv to the near‐ir. Thermal history and trace contamination can have significant effects on a number of properties, ranging from electrical conductivity to absorption characteristics. Vitreous silica is the material of choice for a variety of commercial and scientific applications, including tubing and containers for chemical processing, uv‐optical elements, envelope material of mercury vapor lamps, and windows for space vehicles. Vitreous silica's high viscosity, even at its melting point, precludes the use of traditional glass‐forming techniques. Manufacture usually involves specialized methods, such as flame hydrolysis or high temperature sintering in helium or vacuum.

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Fast-Neutron-Induced Changes in Quartz and Vitreous Silica

Cited by 315 publications

References 24 publications

Change in Relative Density of Natural Rock Minerals Due to Electron Irradiation

Change in Relative Density of Natural Rock Minerals Due to Electron Irradiation

Nature of radiation-induced defects in quartz

Silica, Vitreous Silica

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