Fast naked-eye detection of amines with viologen derivatives

A Viologen–Perylenediimide Conjugate as an Efficient Base Sensor with Solvatochromic Property

“…Plots of the changes in absorption and emission intensities versust he equivalents of bases in all cases follow al inear trend up to 2equiv of base (Figure 6a nd Figures S15-S20). [10,11] To the best of our knowledge,t hese results suggest that PDEV is the most sensitiveb ase sensorb oth qualitatively and quantitatively. However, concentrations of bases required to change the absorbance by 0.01 (D abs = 0.01) ande mission intensity by 10 %( D em = 10 %) in the initial linear part of these calibration plots were considered to calculate the sensitivity (Table 2).…”

“…[4] Though thesed yes show the most pronounced solvatochromism, their synthesis is somewhat expensive and tedious. [10][11][12] Detectors allowing efficient visual sensing of solvent polarity and bases are therefore of great importance. [5][6][7][8][9] However,t he requirement for sophisticated instrumental facilities significantly limits the practical applicability of these methods.…”

“…[10,11] An important feature of viologens is their electron-deficient nature, which makes them very good electrona cceptors. [10,11] An important feature of viologens is their electron-deficient nature, which makes them very good electrona cceptors.…”

“…The conjugates hows solvatochromic behavior as well. [11] Similarly,Z hu and co-workers recently enhanced the efficiency of the viologen-based sensors by delocalization of the radicalg eneratedb yb ases. PDEV shows basesensing ability at the ppb level, which is at least three orders of magnitude lower than those of previously reported sensors.…”

“…In this regard, though many sensors have been developed that allow detection of these chemicals by the naked eye throughc olor change, many of them lack propers ensitivity. [10][11][12] Detectors allowing efficient visual sensing of solvent polarity and bases are therefore of great importance.…”