Abstract:In this Letter, we report a dual division of focal plane (DoFP) polarimeters-based full Mueller matrix microscope (DoFPs-MMM) for fast polarization imaging. Both acquisition speed and measurement accuracy are improved compared with those of a Mueller matrix microscope based on dual rotating retarders. Then, the system is applied to probe the polarization properties of a red blood cells smear. The experimental results show that a DoFPs-MMM has the potential to be a powerful tool for probing dynamic processes in… Show more
“…The backscattering MMI system is based on DoFP which was successfully used in an upright transmission Mueller matrix microscope for fast MMI of tissue slides and cells [11]. In the system, as shown in Figure 1a, all cage system accessories were provided by RayCage(Zhenjiang) Photoelectric Technol-ogy Co., Ltd. Diffusing light from LED source (10 W, 633 nm, Cree) is collimated by a lens (L1, Daheng Optic, Beijing, China) and then modulated by the polarization states generator (PSG) which consists of a polarizer (P1, extinction ratio >1000:1, Daheng Optic, Beijing, China) and a quarter-wave plate (R1, LBTEK Optic, Changsha, China) fixed on a motorized rotation stage (PRM1/Z8, Thorlabs, Newton, NJ, USA).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Polarization imaging can be achieved by adding a polarization states generator and analyzer to existing optical systems. For example, common optical microscopes can be upgraded for polarization imaging [11]. Compared with traditional non-polarized optical methods, a polarization measurement can provide much richer information on the microstructure of scattering samples such as biological tissues [12].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this paper, we use TOC by glycerin to generate dynamic variations of microstructure and penetration depths in single-layer and double-layer tissues. We established a fastbackscattering Mueller matrix imaging device based on division of focal plane polarimeters (DoFP) [11] with much faster speed and improved measurement accuracy. The device takes 17 s for each MMI measurement, compared with the backscattering MMI device based on DRRs, which takes 192 s [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We established a fastbackscattering Mueller matrix imaging device based on division of focal plane polarimeters (DoFP) [11] with much faster speed and improved measurement accuracy. The device takes 17 s for each MMI measurement, compared with the backscattering MMI device based on DRRs, which takes 192 s [11]. In addition, to investigate the origin for the instability of the experimental results from the DRRs system, we examine in detail how the errors in the MM elements increase for longer intervals between successive measurements of polarization components or Stokes.…”
Polarization imaging can quantitatively probe the microscopic structure of biological tissues which can be complex and consist of layered structures. In this paper, we established a fast-backscattering Mueller matrix imaging system to characterize the dynamic variation in the microstructure of single-layer and double-layer tissues as glycerin solution penetrated into the samples. The characteristic response of Mueller matrix elements, as well as polarization parameters with clearer physics meanings, show that polarization imaging can capture the dynamic variation in the layered microstructure. The experimental results are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. Further examination on the accuracy of Mueller matrix measurements also shows that much faster speed has to be considered when backscattering Mueller matrix imaging is applied to living samples.
“…The backscattering MMI system is based on DoFP which was successfully used in an upright transmission Mueller matrix microscope for fast MMI of tissue slides and cells [11]. In the system, as shown in Figure 1a, all cage system accessories were provided by RayCage(Zhenjiang) Photoelectric Technol-ogy Co., Ltd. Diffusing light from LED source (10 W, 633 nm, Cree) is collimated by a lens (L1, Daheng Optic, Beijing, China) and then modulated by the polarization states generator (PSG) which consists of a polarizer (P1, extinction ratio >1000:1, Daheng Optic, Beijing, China) and a quarter-wave plate (R1, LBTEK Optic, Changsha, China) fixed on a motorized rotation stage (PRM1/Z8, Thorlabs, Newton, NJ, USA).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Polarization imaging can be achieved by adding a polarization states generator and analyzer to existing optical systems. For example, common optical microscopes can be upgraded for polarization imaging [11]. Compared with traditional non-polarized optical methods, a polarization measurement can provide much richer information on the microstructure of scattering samples such as biological tissues [12].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this paper, we use TOC by glycerin to generate dynamic variations of microstructure and penetration depths in single-layer and double-layer tissues. We established a fastbackscattering Mueller matrix imaging device based on division of focal plane polarimeters (DoFP) [11] with much faster speed and improved measurement accuracy. The device takes 17 s for each MMI measurement, compared with the backscattering MMI device based on DRRs, which takes 192 s [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We established a fastbackscattering Mueller matrix imaging device based on division of focal plane polarimeters (DoFP) [11] with much faster speed and improved measurement accuracy. The device takes 17 s for each MMI measurement, compared with the backscattering MMI device based on DRRs, which takes 192 s [11]. In addition, to investigate the origin for the instability of the experimental results from the DRRs system, we examine in detail how the errors in the MM elements increase for longer intervals between successive measurements of polarization components or Stokes.…”
Polarization imaging can quantitatively probe the microscopic structure of biological tissues which can be complex and consist of layered structures. In this paper, we established a fast-backscattering Mueller matrix imaging system to characterize the dynamic variation in the microstructure of single-layer and double-layer tissues as glycerin solution penetrated into the samples. The characteristic response of Mueller matrix elements, as well as polarization parameters with clearer physics meanings, show that polarization imaging can capture the dynamic variation in the layered microstructure. The experimental results are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. Further examination on the accuracy of Mueller matrix measurements also shows that much faster speed has to be considered when backscattering Mueller matrix imaging is applied to living samples.
“…In the data acquisition procedure, we used two types of transmitted MM microscopes based on dual rotating retarders (DRR) [24] and dual division of focal plane polarimeters (DoFPs) [25]. DRR measures 30 images (polarimetric components) with specific incident and output polarization states by the rotation of two retarders.…”
Section: Data Acquisition and Preprocessing 21 | MM Acquisition Syste...mentioning
Mueller matrix (MM) polarimetry can provide comprehensive information about the polarization properties that are closely related to the microstructural features and has demonstrated its potential in biomedical studies and clinical practices, and bright-field microscopy is widely used in pathological diagnosis as the golden standard. In this work, we improve the throughput of MM microscopy by learning a statistical transformation between these two imaging systems based on deep learning. Using this approach, the MM microscope can generate an image that is equivalent to a bright-field microscope image of the matching field of view.We add new transformative capability to the existing MM imaging system without requiring extra hardware. The translation model is based on conditional generative adversarial network with customized loss functions. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach on liver and breast tissues and evaluated the performance by four quantitative similarity assessment methods in pixel, image and distribution levels, respectively.
Birefringent materials—which are highly needed in high power laser systems—may be limited in usage due to the laser‐induced damage threshold of traditional birefringent materials. This work reports here on all‐glass metasurfaces, fabricated by angled etching through sacrificial metal nanoparticle (NP) etching masks, for generation of effective birefringence in the formed layer. As a result, a fused silica metasurface, monolithic to the underlying substrate, is demonstrated to exhibit a birefringence of 6.57° under 375 nm illumination. Full‐wave analysis shows a good agreement with the measurement and presents potential paths forward to increasing the effective metasurface birefringence. This is the first demonstration, to the best of knowledge, of an etching technique to obtain the resulting tilted pillar‐like nanofeatures. The anisotropy of the metasurface nanoelements along the two window in‐plane major axes presents different effective paths for the two polarizations and thus generates birefringence in a nonbirefringent material. Additionally, the imparted anisotropy lends itself to manipulation of physical properties of the surface as well, with metasurface feature orientation suppressing water flow along one principal axis and giving rise to water flow steering capabilities.
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