Fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of microalgae using microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst

Borges, Fernanda Cabral; Xie, Qinglong; Min, Min; Muniz, Luis Ant Ônio Rezende; Farenzena, Marcelo; Trierweiler, Jorge Otávio; Chen, Paul; Ruan, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.100

Cited by 143 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Microwave-assisted heating has been widely used in industrial processes. However, only a few studies of microalgae pyrolysis with microwave-assisted heating have been reported (Du et al, 2011;Hu et al, 2012;Borges et al, 2014). Microwave pyrolysis is usually operated at temperatures of 500-800°C, supplied powers of 500-2250 W, and absorber contents of 5-30 wt%.…”

Section: Microwave Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activated carbon was the best catalyst among the tested materials, and its optimal content was 5 wt% where the maximum bio-fuel yield was 87.47 wt%. Borges et al (2014) examined the microwave pyrolyses of Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp.…”

Section: Microwave Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantages of microwave pyrolysis over traditional heating routes include rapid heating, uniform internal heating of feedstock, instantaneous response for rapid start-up and shut down, no need for agitation via fluidization, and hence fewer particles (ashes) in the produced bio-oil (Du et al, 2011;Borges et al, 2014). In a microwave pyrolysis system, microwave absorbers such as activated carbon, chars, SiC, metallic oxides, ionic liquids, and sulfuric acid are usually blended with microalgae to improve bio-oil yield or quality (Salema and Ani, 2012).…”

Section: Microwave Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: A review

Chen

Lin

Huang

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

471

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Section: Microwave Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microwave Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microwave Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: A review

Chen

Lin

Huang

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

471

133

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“…For this reason, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) showed prevalent ability to remove the framework aluminums [19]. Simultaneously, compared to some other pyrolysis heating reactors, microwave assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis (MACFP) dominates a series superiorities for well-distributed of heat, easy operation and energy conservation, which has been extensively used and studied [20][21][22]. However, at the best of our knowledge, the MACFP of mushroom waste (MW) over EDTA modified HZSM-5 catalysts, and the subsequent regeneration of modified HZSM-5 catalysts, have not been studied and reported yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification and regeneration of HZSM-5 catalyst in microwave assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis of mushroom waste

Wang

Zhong

Song

et al. 2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…Microwave-assisted pyrolysis was assumed to be conducted in a pilot scale system, which could process large chunks of dry microalgae [17]. Pyrolytic product yields were assumed to be following: the bio-oil yield is 26 wt%, the yield of water solubles was 24 wt%, gaseous products counted for 22 wt%, and the biochar yield is 28 wt% [10].A B …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Energy Consumption in Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Pyrolysis of Microalgae

Yang¹,

Wu²,

Deng³

et al. 2017

Tr Ren Energy

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The energy requirements for converting one tonne (1,000 kg) of Chlorella slurry of 20 wt% solids via fast pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP), and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) were compared. Drying microalgae prior to pyrolysis by using a spray drying process with a 50% energy efficiency required an energy input of 4,107 MJ, which is higher than the energy content (4,000 MJ) of raw microalgae. The energy inputs to conduct fast pyrolysis, MAP, and HTL reactions were 504 MJ (50% efficient), 1,057 MJ (~25% efficient), and 2,776 MJ (50% efficient), respectively. The overall energy requirement of fast pyrolysis is theoretically about 1.6 times more than that of HTL. The energy recovery ratios for fast pyrolysis, MAP, and HTL of microalgae were 78.7%, 57.2%, and 89.8%, respectively. From the energy balance point of view, hydrothermal liquefaction is superior, and it achieved a higher energy recovery with a less energy cost. To improve the pyrolysis process, developing drying devices powered by renewable energies, optimizing the pyrolysis process (specifically microwave-assisted), and improving the energy efficiency of equipment are options. IntroductionThermochemical conversion of microalgae can be divided into pyrolysis of dry algae and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algal slurries [1]. Usually, the microalgal culture has a very dilute concentration of 0.1-1% dry solids. Currently, the proposed harvesting process is using a series of mechanical unit operations to dewater the microalgae media to a level of ~20% dry solids, which is considered as a less energy intensive processing option than completely drying microalgae for pyrolysis purpose. Drying is one of most dominant costs for algae harvest and may account for 30% of the total product costs, and the power consumption was equivalent to 15.8% of the energy of the recovered hydrocarbon [2]. Because of this energy consumption barrier, pyrolysis is considered as a kind of hopeless technologies for microalgae and only limited to laboratory investigations [3]. Meanwhile, researchers also recognized the advantages of the pyrolysis of microalgae (such as higher quality of pyrolytic bio-oil than that of cellulosic biomass) [4] and the merits of pyrolysis technology (such as lower capital cost than HTL) [5,6].This paper provides a simple comparison between the energy consumptions in pyrolysis of microalgae and hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae. The purpose is not to provide a complete evaluation to these conversion technologies, but to give an idea how the energy consumption impacted the conversion processes of microalgae, and what would be the possible solutions. Methodology MicroalgaeThe composition analysis and properties of Chlorella sp. are summarized in Table 1. An engineered Chlorella sp. was assumed to be grown autotrophically, and had following components: 25% fatty acids, 50% protein, 15% polysaccharide, and 10% ash. For calculation, one tonne (1,000 kg) of Chlorella slurry at 20°C with 20 wt% solids and 80 wt% water (i.e. 200 kg dry alga...

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Fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of microalgae using microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst

Cited by 143 publications

References 24 publications

Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: A review

Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: A review

Modification and regeneration of HZSM-5 catalyst in microwave assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis of mushroom waste

A Comparison of Energy Consumption in Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Pyrolysis of Microalgae

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