Fast Li-ion transport and uniform Li-ion flux enabled by a double–layered polymer electrolyte for high performance Li metal battery

A review of sodium chloride-based electrolytes and materials for electrochemical energy technology

“…With the rapid development of electrochemical energy technologies, electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, excellent stability and safety are in high demand. [98][99][100][101] The abundant and cost-efficient NaCl has both high thermal stability and chemical stability, and its aqueous solution with high ionic conductivity is neutral and can be adjusted to be acidic or alkaline by adding acids and bases, which broadens its application. Recently, the strategies of NaCl solution directly as an electrolyte and additive to optimize the existing electrolyte provide novel ideas for the development of high-performance and low-cost electrolytes.…”

Double-Layer Solid Composite Electrolytes Enabling Improved Room-Temperature Cycling Performance for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries

“…Generally, SSEs include solid inorganic electrolytes (SIEs), solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), and solid composite electrolytes (SCEs). 21 SIEs have attracted attention mainly because of their high ionic conductivity and large moduli for lithium dendrite inhibition, but their inherent mechanical brittleness and high interface impedance leads to severely limited utilization. 21−23 Compared with SIEs, SPEs are known for the easier processing, higher mechanical flexibility, and better interfacial compatibility, while they always show a low ionic conductivity at 25 °C (<10 −4 S cm −1 ), which is hard to meet the normal operation of room-temperature batteries.…”

“…21−23 Compared with SIEs, SPEs are known for the easier processing, higher mechanical flexibility, and better interfacial compatibility, while they always show a low ionic conductivity at 25 °C (<10 −4 S cm −1 ), which is hard to meet the normal operation of room-temperature batteries. 21,24,25 As a solution to the issues, SCEs constructed through compounding inorganic fillers with SPEs are considered to be the most promising candidate for safe electrolytes on account of the combined advanced features of SIEs and SPEs, such as acceptable ionic conductivity, good interface contact with electrodes, improved mechanical strength to realize lithium dendrite inhibition, and so on. 26−29 Unfortunately, a monocomponent polymer matrix for SCEs is still powerless to satisfy the increasingly diversified demands.…”

“…32,33 The promising efforts to overcome such incompatibility between a wide electrochemical window and good interface stability focuses on constructing multilayer SCEs with Janus characteristics. 21,23,28,30,33 Herein, novel double-layer SCEs consisting of an antioxidative PVDF-based layer facing the cathode and a lithium metal-friendly (PEO+PVDF)-based layer against the anode, are proposed for room-temperature high-voltage LMBs. Specially, the bipolymer feature of the (PEO+PVDF)-based layer therein not only endows the electrolytes with excellent lithium affinity but also avoids the PEO-introduced mechanical softness with the help of the mechanical support of PVDF polymers.…”

Introducing Oxygen Vacancies in Li4Ti5O12 via Hydrogen Reduction for High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Meanwhile, LTO possesses a high operation voltage (1.55 V vs. Li/Li + ) that can, to some extent, avoid the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and Li dendrites. However, the intrinsically low electronic conductivity (10 −13 S cm −1 ) and limited lithium diffusion coefficient (10 −9 -10 −13 cm 2 s −1 ) [13][14][15] of LTO, originating from the absence of electrons in the Ti 3d orbitals, leads to its large band gap (2 eV), thus preventing its more intensive applications.…”