Fast ion ripple losses during neutral injection in TFR

Abstract

Fast ion ripple losses during neutral beam injection in TFR are measured near-quantitatively with an array of Faraday collectors mounted between two toroidal field coils. The collected currents show multiple evidence for fast ion ripple losses and correspond to global losses of 30-40% of the injected current. The measurements are complemented by a simple Fokker-Planck model, itself checked against Monte Carlo simulations on several cases. These calculations clarify many experimental features but predict only about half of the observed ripple lost current. This discrepancy could be due in part to various experimental and theoretical uncertainties although there are indications of some enhanced ripple losses in the experiments. Such losses could arise from other processes than toroidal field ripple not included in the calculations and may suggest, along with other diagnostics, an enhanced depletion of central fast ions, the origin of which remains unclear. Fast ion ripple losses are calculated and observed to be fairly insensitive to factors of two variations in most plasma parameters. Substantial losses are predicted only when injecting near perpendicularly into a tokamak plasma of edge ripple ≥1%. Fast ion ripple losses in several devices are considered and calculations for TORE SUPRA are presented.

The behaviour of fast ions in tokamak experiments

“…In TFR, the slowing-down spectrum of perpendicular beam ions was strongly depleted, in rough agreement with calculated losses associated with ripple trapping [26]. In ALCATOR C, the heating efficiency during lower hybrid [270] The Faraday cup current scaled approximately linearly with beam power and was largest for the detector situated -7 cm from the centre of the coil, as expected for ripple losses [271]. The measured current was about twice as large as that theoretically expected, however.…”

Ripple-trapped loss of neutral-beam-injected fast ions in JT-60U

“…Fast-ion ripple loss arises from two major processes: ripple-trapped loss and banana drift loss. The first quantitative measurements on ripple-trapped loss were performed in TFR [11], and it was reported that many experimental features were consistent with the calculations, but the observed ripple loss was twice as large as the calculated one.…”

Effects ofq(r) on the alpha particle ripple loss in TFTR

“…The latter is a "confined" alpha which can be collected by the detector when the aperture is far enough inward, even without any radial diffusion of the orbit. 29. Qualitative picture of the effects of limiter shadowing on the alpha detection in this experiment.…”