Fast imaging of phosphocreatine using a RARE pulse sequence

Greenman, Robert L.; Elliott, Mark A.; Vandenborne, Krista; Schnall, Mitchell D.; Lenkinski, Robert E.

doi:10.1002/mrm.1910390523

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…These methods may be divided into the following categories: the group of classical methods that use phase encoding with gradients in several dimensions, such as the chemical shift imaging technique (CSI) [4][5][6]; the group of methods that utilize excitation profiles of the RF pulses to encode spatial information, such as Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (SI) [7,8]; those that use high speed imaging methods to simultaneously collect the spectral and one spatial dimension information, such as echo planar imaging (EPI), line scan echo planar spectroscopic imaging (LSEPSI), and spiral scanning [9][10][11]; the group based upon the steady state free precession (SSFP) mechanism to collect SI data during a TR time [12]; the fast spinecho (FSE) [13] methods, including fast imaging methods that concentrate on a few, typically one or two, chemical species while not sampling the full chemical information [14][15][16]; and lastly, the group of echo shifting methods that use the RF pulse or readout gradient time shift to preserve chemical shift information [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acquisition time reduction in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using discrete wavelet encoding

Serrai

Senhadji

2005

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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This paper describes a new magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) technique based upon the discrete wavelet transform to reduce acquisition time and cross voxel contamination. Prototype functions called wavelets are used in wavelet encoding to localize defined regions in localized space by dilations and translations. Wavelet encoding in MRSI is achieved by matching the slice selective RF pulse profiles to a set of dilated and translated wavelets. Single and dual band slice selective excitation and refocusing pulses, with profiles resembling Haar wavelets, are used in a spin-echo sequence to acquire 2D-MRSI wavelet encoding data. The 2D space region is spanned up to the desired resolution by a proportional number of dilations (increases in the localization gradients) and translations (frequency shift) of the Haar wavelets (RF pulses). Acquisition time is reduced by acquiring successive MR signals from regions of space with variable size and different locations with no requirement for a TR waiting time between acquisitions. An inverse wavelet transform is performed on the data to produce the correct spatial MR signal distribution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fast imaging methods that image a single chemical species-especially in phosphorus-use fast spin-echo sequences to obtain images of PCr in human muscle [14,15]. Appropriate echo spacing between the 180°R F pulses is introduced to dephase unwanted spins while fulfilling the CPMG condition for the desired ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition time reduction in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using discrete wavelet encoding

Serrai

Senhadji

2005

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…Because of the relatively long T 2 relaxation time of P i and PCr (180 and 420 ms for P i and PCr, respectively at 4.7T) (149), signal readout can use fast spin-echo methods such as the rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE). An additional advantage of the RARE method is that it can further suppress the signal from unwanted metabolites (150,151). This is accomplished by selecting the time delay between the excitation pulse and the first refocusing pulse to generate a phase shift of π/2 between the desired (on-resonance) and the unwanted (offresonance) species at the time when the refocusing pulse is applied, resulting in rapid dephasing of the signal from the unwanted metabolites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Liu

2017

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

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Many human diseases are caused by an imbalance between energy production and demand.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide the unique opportunity for in vivo assessment of several fundamental events in tissue metabolism without the use of ionizing radiation. Of particular interest, phosphate metabolites that are involved in ATP generation and utilization can be quantified noninvasively by phosphorous-31 ( 31 P) MRS/MRI. Furthermore, 31 P magnetization transfer (MT) techniques allow in vivo measurement of metabolic fluxes via creatine kinase (CK) and ATP synthase. However, a major impediment for the clinical applications of 31 P-MRS/MRI is the prohibitively long acquisition time and/or the low spatial resolution that are necessary to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratio. P-MRS/MRI techniques. Applications of these techniques to the investigation of a specific physiology/pathology will be discussed without detailed description. Interested readers are referred to recent review articles on the applications of 31 P-MRS/MRI in metabolic characterization of skeletal muscle (10-12), heart (13), brain (14), and liver (11), as well as in diseases such as cancer (15), heart failure (16), and obesity and diabetes (17,18). Historical perspectiveThe use of 31 P-MRS for metabolic investigations dates back to 1960. Cohn and Hughes were the first to obtain a high-resolution 31 P spectrum of a solution of ATP (19). In addition, they also observed a dependence of the chemical shifts of the phosphorus nuclei of ATP on the pH of the solution. In parallel to the early development of MRI methods by Lauterbur (20), the entire 1970s also witnessed the rapid advance of 31 P-MRS in metabolic investigation of a broad range of biological systems. In 1973, Moon and Richards performed the first 31 P-MRS study that measured intracellular pH in human red blood cells (21). In the following year, Henderson and colleagues obtained the first 31 P spectrum of ATP from human red blood cells (22). At the same time, the Oxford team led by Radda performed the first experiment to acquire 31 P spectra from an intact organ, i.e., the excised and superfused muscle of rat hindlimb (23). The first in vivo 31 P-MRS study was performed on mouse brain by Chance et al. (24). Within the short span of one decade, organelles including mitochondria (25,26) and chromaffin granules (27), cells including Escherichia coli (28), yeast (29), and hepatocytes (30), and organs including skeletal muscle (31,32), heart (33-35), brain (36), kidney (37), and liver (38,39) have all been studied using 31 P-MRS.It is worth noting that most of these organ studies were performed on excised organs to avoid the need for spatial localization. Although Lauterbur has demonstrated the feasibility of imaging water protons (20), it was considered impractical for 31 P imaging of living systems because of the low sensitivity and difficulties with spectral resolution.The 1980s began with the publication of two important studies that aimed a...

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“…Therefore, future experiments will be geared toward providing localized information by the direct imaging of PArg and PCr levels spatially. Recent advances in MRI technology have permitted the imaging of PCr, ATP, and P i in the human forearm muscles by using a clinical MRI scanner (33). Our preliminary measurements have demonstrated the feasibility of such a technique to image regional (4-ml volumes of interest) PCr content in the rabbit hindlimb in Ͻ8 min.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Noninvasive measurement of gene expression in skeletal muscle

Walter

Barton

Sweeney

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We have developed a noninvasive detection method for expression of viral-mediated gene transfer. A recombinant adenovirus was constructed by using the gene for arginine kinase (AK), which is the invertebrate correlate to the vertebrate ATP-buffering enzyme, creatine kinase. Gene expression was noninvasively monitored using 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31 P-MRS). The product of the AK enzyme, phosphoarginine (PArg), served as an MRS-visible reporter of AK expression. The recombinant adenovirus coding for arginine kinase (rAdCMVAK) was injected into the right hindlimbs of neonatal mice. Two weeks after injection of rAdCMVAK, a unique 31 P-MRS resonance was observed. It was observable in all rAdCMVAK injected hindlimbs and was not present in the contralateral control or the vehicle injected limb. PArg and phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations were calculated to be 11.6 ؎ 0.90 and 13.6 ؎ 1.1 mM respectively in rAdCMVAK injected limbs. AK activity was demonstrated in vivo by monitoring the decreases in PArg and ATP resonances during prolonged ischemia. After 1 h of ischemia intracellular pH was 6.73 ؎ 0.06, PCr͞ATP was decreased by 77 ؎ 8%, whereas PArg͞ATP was decreased by 50 ؎ 15% of basal levels. PArg and PCr returned to basal levels within 5 min of the restoration of blood flow. AK activity persisted for at least 8 mo after injection, indicating that adenoviral-mediated gene transfer can produce stable expression for long periods of time. Therefore, the cDNA encoding AK provides a useful reporter gene that allows noninvasive and repeated monitoring of gene expression after viral mediated gene transfer to muscle. nuclear magnetic resonance ͉ gene therapy ͉ adenovirus ͉ creatine kinase ͉ arginine kinase

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Fast imaging of phosphocreatine using a RARE pulse sequence

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Acquisition time reduction in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using discrete wavelet encoding

Acquisition time reduction in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using discrete wavelet encoding

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Noninvasive measurement of gene expression in skeletal muscle

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