Fast Hemodynamic Responses in the Visual Cortex of the Awake Mouse

Pisauro, M. Andrea; Dhruv, Neel T.; Carandini, Matteo; Benucci, Andrea

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2130-13.2013

Cited by 103 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The dynamics of these responses are much faster in awake rats than in anesthetized rats. Recent work has found similar slowing and reductions of the hemodynamic responses by anesthesia in the vibrissae and visual cortices of mice (Drew et al, 2011; Pisauro et al, 2013). In addition to changes in the hemodynamic response, anesthesia severely disrupts brain metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Quantitative separation of arterial and venous cerebral blood volume increases during voluntary locomotion

2015

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Voluntary locomotion is accompanied by large increases in cortical activity and localized increases in cerebral blood volume (CBV). We sought to quantitatively determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of voluntary locomotion-evoked cerebral hemodynamic changes. We measured single vessel dilations using two-photon microscopy and cortex-wide changes in CBV-related signal using intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging in head-fixed mice freely locomoting on a spherical treadmill. During bouts of locomotion, arteries dilated rapidly, while veins distended slightly and recovered slowly. The dynamics of diameter changes of both vessel types could be captured using a simple linear convolution model. Using these single vessel measurements, we developed a novel analysis approach to separate out spatially and temporally distinct arterial and venous components of the location-specific hemodynamic response functions (HRF) for IOS. The HRF of each pixel of was well fit by a sum of a fast arterial and a slow venous component. The HRFs of pixels in the limb representations of somatosensory cortex had a large arterial contribution, while in the frontal cortex the arterial contribution to the HRF was negligible. The venous contribution was much less localized, and was substantial in the frontal cortex. The spatial pattern and amplitude of these HRFs in response to locomotion in the cortex was robust across imaging sessions. Separating the more localized, arterial component from the diffuse venous signals will be useful for dealing with the dynamic signals generated by naturalistic stimuli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Quantitative separation of arterial and venous cerebral blood volume increases during voluntary locomotion

2015

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“…To obtain maps of retinotopy we performed widefield imaging: fluorescence imaging on transgenic mice (GCaMP6f-TTA-Emx1-Cre), and intrinsic imaging on wildtype (C57bl6) mice, together with methods described previously (Garrett et al, 2014;Pisauro et al, 2013).…”

Section: Widefield Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision and navigation in mouse parietal cortex

Krumin

Lee

Harris³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been involved in controlling body movement and navigation, and in making decisions based on vision. To evaluate these views, we measured PPC activity while mice performed a visual decision task by virtual navigation. We discovered that PPC neurons are selective for specific combinations of the animal's position in the environment and of its heading angle. This selectivity closely predicted the activity of PPC cells, including their apparent selectivity for the mouse's decision and the arrangement of their firing patterns in sequences, both of which simply reflected the influence on PPC of the animal's navigation trajectory. Alternative models based on visual or motor variables were not as successful. We conclude that when mice use vision to make spatial choices, parietal cortex encodes navigational attributes such as position and heading rather than decisions.

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“…Laminar differences in the amplitudes of cerebral blood volume responses have been observed in several MRI studies (Zhao et al, 2006; Kim and Kim 2010; Polimeni et al 2010; Goense et al 2012; Poplawsky and Kim 2014; Pucket 2014), suggesting that there may be spatially localized hemodynamic signals that could be useful for human neuroimaging. However, all of these experiments were done in anesthetized animals, and anesthesia profoundly decreases the amplitude and slows the dynamics of hemodynamic responses (Martin et al 2006; Goense and Logothetis 2008; Drew et al 2011; Pisauro et al 2013). To better interpret the signals coming from human neuroimaging studies (Gardner 2010; Kriegeskorte et al 2010), it is important to understand the microvascular basis of hemodynamic in awake animals, preferably those performing voluntary behaviors (Huo et al 2014; Huo et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical restriction of intracortical vessel dilation by brain tissue sculpts the hemodynamic response

2015

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Understanding the spatial dynamics of dilation in the cerebral vasculature is essential for deciphering the vascular basis of hemodynamic signals in the brain. We used two-photon microscopy to image neural activity and vascular dynamics in the somatosensory cortex of awake behaving mice during voluntary locomotion. Arterial dilations within the histologically-defined forelimb/hindlimb (FL/HL) representation were larger than arterial dilations in the somatosensory cortex immediately outside the FL/HL representation, demonstrating that the vascular response during natural behaviors was spatially localized. Surprisingly, we found that locomotion drove dilations in surface vessels that were nearly three times the amplitude of intracortical vessel dilations. The smaller dilations of the intracortical arterioles were not due to saturation of dilation. Anatomical imaging revealed that, unlike surface vessels, intracortical vessels were tightly enclosed by brain tissue. A mathematical model showed that mechanical restriction by the brain tissue surrounding intracortical vessels could account for the reduced amplitude of intracortical vessel dilation relative to surface vessels. Thus, under normal conditions, the mechanical properties of the brain may play an important role in sculpting the laminar differences of hemodynamic responses.

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Fast Hemodynamic Responses in the Visual Cortex of the Awake Mouse

Cited by 103 publications

References 54 publications

Quantitative separation of arterial and venous cerebral blood volume increases during voluntary locomotion

Quantitative separation of arterial and venous cerebral blood volume increases during voluntary locomotion

Decision and navigation in mouse parietal cortex

Mechanical restriction of intracortical vessel dilation by brain tissue sculpts the hemodynamic response

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