Fast Frequency Response in UK Grid - Challenges and Solution

Dallmer-Zerbe, Kilian; Spahic, E.; Kuhn, G. D.; Morgenstern, R.; Beck, Gunther

doi:10.1049/cp.2017.0013

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The parameters K and P max consider the curve shown in Figure 4. Different settling times as required in Ireland [12] and in the UK [14] of 150 ms, 500 ms, 1,000 ms and 2,000 ms are taken into account by considering different Step response of FFR model time constants of a second-order low-pass filter (PT 2 ). Table 3 shows the parameters of the PT2 model for different settling times.…”

Section: Inverter-module Providing Fast Frequency Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The converter technology used in current wind and PV units as well as storage systems enables frequency‐supporting functions with significantly greater dynamics compared to classical primary control by designing the unit control accordingly. These functionalities are already used as so‐called fast frequency response (FFR) in Ireland [12] and in the UK [13, 14] during normal operation of the grid. An actual report of the Distributed Restart project [15] suggests FFR to stabilize frequency of a network island supplied by a black start unit and to prevent tripping of the BSU's generator after a load connection [15, 16].…”

Section: Power System Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This function provides an additional power feed‐in related to the measured frequency, according to the curve shown in Figure 4. This curve is obtained from [14], the dead band is considered 0.1 Hz, the frequency for maximum power feed‐in is 49.0 Hz and the maximum power is chosen to the rated power of the inverter ( P max = 50 MW).…”

Section: Case Study: the Use Of Fast Frequency Reserve To Stabilize T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Opportunities to support the restoration of electrical grids with little numbers of large power plants through converter‐connected generation and storages

Becker

Schütt

Schürmann³

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nuclear phase‐out in Germany and the decarbonization of the energy supply are accompanied by a profound upheaval of the generation fleet. The decommissioning of large power plants and their replacement by decentralized, renewable generation plants (DG) as well as storage facilities leads to a shift in generation output from power plants connected to the transmission grid to a large number of renewable and decentralized plants connected to the distribution grids. This significantly impacts the approach to restore the interconnected system after a large‐scale blackout. In order to be able to plan and instruct the dispatch of generating power from the network operator's control centres when restoring the grid after a large‐scale blackout, two aggregation and forecasting methods differentiated by voltage level are presented. For larger farms connected to the high‐voltage grid, a structure‐based node approach is chosen; for the multitude of small and microunits connected to the medium‐ and low‐voltage grids, an area‐based approach is used. These methods do provide the network operator with active power/frequency management in the medium and long‐term range. The provision of fast frequency response (FFR) by inverter‐coupled units or storage systems stabilizes the frequency in the short‐term range. In this way, the frequency nadir following a load connection can be mitigated during network restoration, which accelerates the process. This is particularly relevant against the background of the nuclear and coal phase‐out, as it can compensate for the reduction in inertia and controllable feed‐in power caused by power plant shutdowns. In a case study, it is shown that in a grid island typical for the early phase of network restoration, the inertia of a 500 MW coal‐fired power plant can almost be replaced by a battery storage system of 50 MW which provides FFR.

show abstract

Section: Inverter-module Providing Fast Frequency Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Power System Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study: the Use Of Fast Frequency Reserve To Stabilize T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Opportunities to support the restoration of electrical grids with little numbers of large power plants through converter‐connected generation and storages

Becker

Schütt

Schürmann³

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If its value is greater than the threshold, an output of 1 is produced (otherwise an output of 0 is obtained). It should be highlighted that the RoCoF threshold value of 0.1 Hz/s is less than the current set‐point of 0.25 Hz/s, which is employed to trigger protection devices [27, 28].…”

Section: Auxiliary Dead‐band Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxiliary dead‐band controller for the coordination of fast frequency support from multi‐terminal HVDC grids and offshore wind farms

Jose

Joseph

Liang

et al. 2018

IET Renewable Power Generation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) grids may provide fast frequency support to ac grids with the aid of supplementary control algorithms and synthetic inertia contribution from offshore wind farms. However, when all converters within the HVDC grid are fitted with these supplementary controllers, undesirable power flows and reduced power transfers may occur during a power imbalance. This is due to simultaneous frequency oscillations on the different ac systems connected to the HVDC grid arising during the support operation. To prevent this adverse effect, an auxiliary dead-band controller (ADC) is proposed in this study. The ADC modifies the dead-band set-point of the fast frequency controllers using measurements of the rate of change of frequency and frequency deviation. A four-terminal HVDC integrated with an offshore wind farm is modelled to analyse and study the effectiveness of three different supplementary fast frequency control algorithms. Results show that the proposed ADC scheme improves the performance of fast frequency control algorithms. For completeness, a small-signal stability analysis is carried out to confirm that a stable system operation is maintained.

show abstract

“…Nowadays, many countries have regulations in place for grid-connected WTG to provide frequency regulation to the system. For instance, the United Kingdom National Grid requires onshore wind farms to provide short-term frequency support and automatic generation control ability (Dallmer-Zerbe et al, 2017). Hence, the methods of frequency support have been proposed and can be divided into two categories: power reserve control and kinetic energy control (Attya and Dominguez-García, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Control of a Wind Turbine and Battery Storage System in Providing Fast-Frequency Regulation and Extending the Cycle Life of Battery

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fast-frequency regulation (FFR) is becoming a key measure to enhance the frequency stability of power systems as the penetration of renewables and power electronics continues to grow and the system inertia declines. Although different control methods have been proposed to provide a wind turbine generator (WTG) with a limited capability of virtual inertia and frequency support, the coordination between the WTG and a battery energy storage system (BESS), as well as the potential optimization benefits, have not been fully studied. This study proposes a coordinated control of WTG and BESS that provides FFR to the AC system and at the same time extends the cycle life of the battery. First, a cost effective and SOC-based FFR strategy of BESS alone was proposed. Then, a coordinated FFR method for the WTG–BESS hybrid system under all wind speeds was proposed by analyzing the operational characteristics of WTG. The proposed coordinated strategy improves the FFR performance with a longer cycle life and lower cost of battery under different operating conditions. Simulation results based on varying wind speeds indicate that the proposed FFR strategy raises the frequency nadir and avoids the frequency secondary dip.

show abstract

Fast Frequency Response in UK Grid - Challenges and Solution

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Opportunities to support the restoration of electrical grids with little numbers of large power plants through converter‐connected generation and storages

Opportunities to support the restoration of electrical grids with little numbers of large power plants through converter‐connected generation and storages

Auxiliary dead‐band controller for the coordination of fast frequency support from multi‐terminal HVDC grids and offshore wind farms

Coordinated Control of a Wind Turbine and Battery Storage System in Providing Fast-Frequency Regulation and Extending the Cycle Life of Battery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About