“…For instance, by employing hydrofluoric acid as a capping agent (CA), H. G. Yang et al34 were the first to obtain uniform anatase TiO 2 single crystals with a high percentage (47%) of highly reactive {001} facets, which possessed promising applications in sensors, solar cells and photocatalysis. Besides the various routes for the synthesis of NCs, several novel strategies have recently exploded by carving, modifying, or transforming the original NCs that greatly improve the catalysis and sensing performances 6, 27, 30, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52. For example, X. Chen et al51 disordered the surface layers of nanophase TiO 2 by hydrogenation.…”