Fast extraction of cannabinoids in marijuana samples by using hard-cap espresso machines

Leiman, Kristiina; Colomo, Lorenzo; Armenta, Sergio; Guárdia, Miguel de la; Esteve‐Turrillas, Francesc A.

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.009

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Extraction pressure is controlled by both the sample particle size and the capsule membrane, with the semi-elastic nature of the capsule membrane (typically aluminium) providing back-pressure prior to its final rupture, which is claimed by one manufacturer to reach up to 19 bar. [21] Extractions employing hard cap espresso machines have utilised MeCN/H 2 O mixtures (up to 100% v/v), [22,23,24] EtOH/H 2 O mixtures (up to 80% v/v) [23,25,26] and neat isopropanol. [24] Natural Product Isolation via ASE Since its development in 1996, ASE using primarily water-based solvent systems (� 50% v/v H 2 O/organic solvent) for natural product isolation has been rather limited.…”

Section: Phwe Employing a Hard Cap Espresso Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] Extractions employing hard cap espresso machines have utilised MeCN/H 2 O mixtures (up to 100% v/v), [22,23,24] EtOH/H 2 O mixtures (up to 80% v/v) [23,25,26] and neat isopropanol. [24] Natural Product Isolation via ASE Since its development in 1996, ASE using primarily water-based solvent systems (� 50% v/v H 2 O/organic solvent) for natural product isolation has been rather limited. [27] The overwhelming majority of ASE research has been restricted to analytical studies of natural product mixtures (e. g., via HPLC-MS), and natural products isolation is seldom undertaken.…”

Section: Phwe Employing a Hard Cap Espresso Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33] This appears to be an artefact resulting from transesterification during the long extraction times involved. It is also likely that p-hydroxyacetophenone (24), which was isolated from the related Proteaceae species Agastachys odorata via percolation with methanol is another possible artefact of isolation potentially resulting from hydrolysis and decarboxylation. [35,36] It should be noted that arbutin glycosides were not identified in either of these previous studies of B. montana and A. odorata.…”

Section: Cyclitols and Glycoside-containing Natural Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes the rapid extraction of cannabinoids from marijuana (Cannabis sativa) buds, leaves, and stems. [24] The key cannabinoids, including Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 47), cannabidiol (48), and cannabinol (49) were extracted using isopropanol or acetonitrile, with the extracts analysed by GC-MS ( Figure 13). This method has direct applications for the analysis of marijuana samples, as it was shown to be a time-efficient analytical technique with the extraction, dilution and determination steps conducted in 1 min.…”

Section: Phytochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method has direct applications for the analysis of marijuana samples, as it was shown to be a time-efficient analytical technique with the extraction, dilution and determination steps conducted in 1 min. [24] PHWE has been employed for the extraction of vegetables and spices to quantify levels of target bioactive analytes. [23] In this way, the capsaicin (50) and dihydrocapsaicin (51) content in fresh chilli peppers, the piperine (52) content in dried pepper varieties, the curcumin (53) content in turmeric and curry powders, and the myristicin (54) content in nutmeg was determined ( Figure 14).…”

Section: Phytochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Applications of Water‐based Extraction Methods in Natural Products Isolation Chemistry

et al. 2020

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This minireview presents and discusses natural product isolation studies that have been facilitated using predominately water‐based extraction methods over the past twenty years. The development and applications of new techniques for enabling natural products chemistry are examined. This includes techniques such as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE). The latter, in particular, arguably represents an emerging approach that can allow for the rapid, efficient, and practical extraction of natural products by more environmentally‐benign approaches.

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Section: Phwe Employing a Hard Cap Espresso Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phwe Employing a Hard Cap Espresso Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyclitols and Glycoside-containing Natural Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phytochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phytochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Applications of Water‐based Extraction Methods in Natural Products Isolation Chemistry

et al. 2020

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Sample preparation for the analysis of key metabolites from cannabinoids biosynthesis in phytoplankton using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Budge

2021

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Cannabinoids biosynthesis in phytoplankton has attracted much attention due to the rapid development of genetic tools and the optimization of genetic transformation methods in microalgae. To monitor the biosynthesis process, proper sample preparation and practical instrumental methods are needed to measure the various precursors, intermediates, cannabinoids, and their degradation products. The objective of this study was to develop a sample preparation procedure for the quantification of olivetolic acid (OA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), olivetol (OL), cannabidiol (CBD), and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) using single‐quadrupole gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Isochrysis galbana was used as the model matrix. After methanol extraction, samples were purified using solid phase extraction (SPE), silylated with N‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, and analyzed using GC–MS in electron ionization mode. A strong anion‐exchange SPE efficiently recovered OA, CBGA, CBDA, and THCA. A graphitized carbon black SPE was necessary to purify OL, CBD, and THC. Both columns removed amino acids, sugars, polyols, and pigments from the algae extract and prepared samples that are suitable for silylation and GC–MS analysis. The total protocol, including solvent extraction, SPE, silylation, and GC–MS analysis, was validated in accordance with the ICH guidelines. Performance characteristics of our method are superior to existing protocols with similar complexity in the literature.

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Extraction of naturally occurring cannabinoids: an update

Nahar

Uddin

Alam

et al. 2020

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Organic molecules that interact with the cannabinoid receptors are called cannabinoids, which can be endogenous, natural or synthetic compounds. They possess similar pharmacological properties as produced by the plant, Cannabis sativa L. Before cannabinoids can be analysed, they need to be extracted from the matrices. Objective To review literature on the methods and protocols for the extraction of naturally occurring cannabinoids. Methodology An extensive literature search was performed incorporating several databases, notably, Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials. The keywords used in the search, in various combinations, with cannabinoids and extraction being present in all combinations, were Cannabis, hemp, cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, and extraction. Results In addition to classical maceration with organic solvents, e.g. ethanol, pressurised solvent extraction, solvent heat reflux, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction and microwave‐assisted extraction, are routinely used nowadays for the extraction of cannabinoids from plant materials and cannabis consumer products. For the extraction of cannabinoids from biological samples, e.g. human blood, and also from food and beverages, and wastewater, solid‐phase extraction and its variants, as well as liquid–liquid extraction are commonly used. Parameters for extraction can be optimised by response surface methodology or other mathematical modelling tools. There are at least six US patents on extraction of cannabinoids available to date. Conclusions Irrespective of the extraction method, extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction pressure play a vital role in overall yield of extraction. Solvent polarity can also be an important factor in some extraction methods.

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Fast extraction of cannabinoids in marijuana samples by using hard-cap espresso machines

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Development and Applications of Water‐based Extraction Methods in Natural Products Isolation Chemistry

Development and Applications of Water‐based Extraction Methods in Natural Products Isolation Chemistry

Sample preparation for the analysis of key metabolites from cannabinoids biosynthesis in phytoplankton using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Extraction of naturally occurring cannabinoids: an update

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