Fast Emission Spectroscopy for a Better Understanding of Pyrotechnic Combustion Behavior

An improved synthesis of the energetic ionic liquid 4‐amino‐1‐butyl‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate (C4 N) is presented via a one‐step metal‐free route using butyl nitrate. C4 N offers promising properties like very low vapour pressure combined with good insensitivity. In addition, long‐term and thermal stability were investigated. The potential use as an energetic additive to improve the rheological properties of GAP‐based energetic polymers was studied resulting in an almost four times lower viscosity at 15 wt.‐% C4 N content. As an additive to a nitromethane‐based monopropellant C4 N works as burning rate modifier which additionally reduces the propellant sensitivity.

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“…The experimental setup is described in detail in Ref. [32]. The burning rates are derived from video records with image post-processing [33].…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NIR-emission spectra of the water bands between 1 and 2 μm were used to determine the flame temperature applying the ICT-BAM method described in Ref. [32].…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

4‐Amino‐1‐Butyl‐1,2,4‐Triazolium Nitrate – Synthesis and Characterization

Schaller

Keicher

Weiser

et al. 2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…In addition to the background (grey body) radiation during thermite reaction, electronically excited atoms and diatomic molecules in the reaction zone emit their characteristic lines and band systems [30]. The underlying species (atoms and molecules) can be identified by tabulated data from literature [31] and the spectra calculated based on quantum mechanical principles [32].…”

Section: Diatomic Molecule Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Spectroscopy of the Combustion Flame of Aluminium/Copper Oxide Thermite

Knapp

Kelzenberg

Raab

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The combustion process of stoichiometric aluminium/copper(II)oxide thermite was experimentally investigated in an optical bomb under inert atmosphere (N2) and ambient pressure. The reaction zone was monitored with UV/VIS emission spectroscopy and a colour high‐speed camera. The emission spectra were analysed by modelling of the background radiation and the characteristic emission of all molecular emitters in the reaction of Al/CuO. Based on this, the particles′ surface and gas phase temperature, the emissivity and the radiation of energy was determined by a non‐linear least squares fit between experimental and modelled spectra. This work presents the first modelling of the diatomic band system of Cu2 and CuO. The results obtained can help to understand the underlying processes in thermite combustion and the influence of radiation processes in modelling the combustion of thermite mixtures.

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“…It is described in more detail in Ref. [22]. For the recent application only the model of grey-body emitter was needed which shows an excellent agreement between experimental and calculated spectra to determine temperature of the emitting particles.…”

Section: Temperature Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Ignition and Thermal Wave Progression in Binary Granular Pyrotechnic Compositions

Knapp

Weiser

Kelzenberg

et al. 2014

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Oxidizer and fuel particles are the ingredients of classical pyrotechnics. Particle concentration, size, melting, evaporation, and decomposition of the particles, heat and mass transfer, reaction kinetics, and heat of reaction control the burning behavior of these mixtures. A hot‐spot approach models the reaction progress in three dimensions taking into consideration the particulate nature of pyrotechnic compositions. The governing reaction is assumed to be the oxidizer decomposition described by an Avrami‐Erofeev model. Predominantly, the distribution of the oxidizer and fuel particles and their size for various concentrations influence the burning rate beneath the reaction kinetic parameters. The computational results were compared with experimental progression rates and temperatures measured for an example system composed of various Al/CuO‐thermite mixtures with aluminum contents from 8 % to 70 %. The particle sizes were fixed to micrometer‐scale. The curve of progression rate calculations depending on the aluminium particle concentration and their distribution show the same shape as the experimental results.

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Fast Emission Spectroscopy for a Better Understanding of Pyrotechnic Combustion Behavior

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

4‐Amino‐1‐Butyl‐1,2,4‐Triazolium Nitrate – Synthesis and Characterization

4‐Amino‐1‐Butyl‐1,2,4‐Triazolium Nitrate – Synthesis and Characterization

Emission Spectroscopy of the Combustion Flame of Aluminium/Copper Oxide Thermite

Modeling Ignition and Thermal Wave Progression in Binary Granular Pyrotechnic Compositions

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