Fast electrical modulation of strong near-field interactions between erbium emitters and graphene

Cano, Daniel; Ferrier, Alban; Soundarapandian, Karuppasamy; Reserbat‐Plantey, Antoine; Scarafagio, Marion; Tallaire, Alexandre; Seyeux, Antoine; Marcus, Philippe; Riedmatten, Hugues de; Goldner, Philippe; Koppens, Frank H. L.; Tielrooij, Klaas‐Jan

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17899-7

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(51 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Graphene-based amplitude ( 36 ) and phase ( 37 ) modulators with bandwidths as large as a few tens of gigahertz have been already demonstrated. Whereas these speeds cannot be reached with the polymer electrolyte that we used here, it is attainable for example with a doped silicon back gate or by hybridizing the electrolyte-gated graphene with back-gating ( 38 ). This opens prospects for efficient nonlinear conversion of terahertz signals that can be modulated with a bandwidth of tens of gigahertz or even higher, which is of great interest for ultrahigh-speed information and communication technologies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical tunability of terahertz nonlinearity in graphene

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graphene is conceivably the most nonlinear optoelectronic material we know. Its nonlinear optical coefficients in the terahertz frequency range surpass those of other materials by many orders of magnitude. Here, we show that the terahertz nonlinearity of graphene, both for ultrashort single-cycle and quasi-monochromatic multicycle input terahertz signals, can be efficiently controlled using electrical gating, with gating voltages as low as a few volts. For example, optimal electrical gating enhances the power conversion efficiency in terahertz third-harmonic generation in graphene by about two orders of magnitude. Our experimental results are in quantitative agreement with a physical model of the graphene nonlinearity, describing the time-dependent thermodynamic balance maintained within the electronic population of graphene during interaction with ultrafast electric fields. Our results can serve as a basis for straightforward and accurate design of devices and applications for efficient electronic signal processing in graphene at ultrahigh frequencies.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical tunability of terahertz nonlinearity in graphene

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One way to overcome the momentum mismatch and investigate the presence of electromagnetic surface modes is to place a quantum emitter ( 22 , 51 – 53 ) (herein modeled as a point-like electric dipole) in the proximity of an interface and study its decay rate as a function of the emitter–surface distance. With the advent of atomically thin materials, and hBN in particular, all of the relevant distances, i.e., emitter–superconductor, emitter–graphene, and graphene–superconductor, can be tailored with nanometric precision [e.g., by controlling the number of stacked hBN layers (each

0.7

thick) ( 25 , 32 ) or using atomic layer deposition ( 54 , 55 )]. Although the availability of good emitters in the terahertz range is unarguably limited, semiconductor quantum dots with intersublevel transitions in this range and with relatively long relaxation times do exist ( 56 ).…”

Section: Coupling Of the Higgs Mode Of A Superconductor With Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing ultraconfined graphene plasmons to probe the electrodynamics of superconductors

Costa

Gonçalves

Basov

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We show that the Higgs mode of a superconductor, which is usually challenging to observe by far-field optics, can be made clearly visible using near-field optics by harnessing ultraconfined graphene plasmons. As near-field sources we investigate two examples: graphene plasmons and quantum emitters. In both cases the coupling to the Higgs mode is clearly visible. In the case of the graphene plasmons, the coupling is signaled by a clear anticrossing stemming from the interaction of graphene plasmons with the Higgs mode of the superconductor. In the case of the quantum emitters, the Higgs mode is observable through the Purcell effect. When combining the superconductor, graphene, and the quantum emitters, a number of experimental knobs become available for unveiling and studying the electrodynamics of superconductors.

show abstract

“…The achieved tuning is 4 orders of magnitude larger than the emitter linewidth, which is a record due to the 2D vertical geometry allowing extremely high electric field (MV/m) (Ref 118 ). c: Dynamic modulation within the plasmon regime using graphene electrode in the near field of erbium ions (Ref 120 ). d: current flow near a defect in graphene measured by NV-center magnetometry (Ref 123 ).…”

Section: Single Quantum Emitters Coupled To 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Nanophotonics in Two-Dimensional Materials

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The field of 2D materials-based nanophotonics has been growing at a rapid pace, triggered by the ability to design nanophotonic systems with in-situ control 1 , unprecedented degrees of freedom, and to build material heterostructures from bottom up with atomic precision 2 . A wide palette of polaritonic classes [3][4][5][6] have been identified, comprising ultra-confined optical fields, even approaching characteristic length-scales of a single atom 7 . These advances have been a real boost for the emerging field of quantum nanophotonics, where the quantum mechanical nature of the electrons and/or polaritons and their interactions become relevant. Examples include, quantum nonlocal effects [8][9][10][11] , ultrastrong light-matter interactions [11][12][13][14][15][16] , Cherenkov radiation 13,17,18 , access to forbidden transitions 11 , hydrodynamic effects [19][20][21] , single-plasmon nonlinearities 22,23 , polaritonic quantization 24 , topological effects etc. 3,4 . In addition to these intrinsic quantum nanophotonic phenomena, the 2D material system can also be used as a sensitive probe for the quantum properties of the material that carries the nanophotonics modes, or quantum materials in its vicinity. Here, polaritons act as a probe for otherwise invisible excitations, e.g. in superconductors 25 , or as a new tool to monitor the existence of Berry curvature in topological materials and superlattice effects in twisted 2D materials.In this article, we present an overview of the emergent field of 2D-material quantum nanophotonics, and provide a future perspective on the prospects of both fundamental emergent phenomena and emergent quantum technologies, such as quantum sensing, single-photon sources and quantum emitters manipulation. We address four main implications (cf. Figure 1): i) quantum sensing, featuring polaritons to probe superconductivity and explore new electronic transport hydrodynamic behaviours, ii) quantum technologies harnessing single-photon generation, manipulation and detection using 2D materials, iii) polariton engineering with quantum materials enabled by twist angle and stacking order control in van der Waals heterostructures and iv) extreme light-matter interactions enabled by the strong confinement of light at atomic level by 2D materials, which provide new tools to manipulate light fields at the nano-scale (e.g., quantum chemistry 26 , nonlocal effects, high Purcell enhancement).

show abstract

Fast electrical modulation of strong near-field interactions between erbium emitters and graphene

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Electrical tunability of terahertz nonlinearity in graphene

Electrical tunability of terahertz nonlinearity in graphene

Harnessing ultraconfined graphene plasmons to probe the electrodynamics of superconductors

Quantum Nanophotonics in Two-Dimensional Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About