Fast charging technique for high power LiFePO4 batteries: A mechanistic analysis of aging

Anseán, David; Dubarry, Matthieu; Devie, Arnaud; Liaw, Bor Yann; García, Víctor M.; Viera, J.C.; González, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.140

Cited by 190 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…We believe that the mechanical strain in the copper current collector is due largely to load transfer from the negative electrode as it lithiates and delithiates. Several local degradation mechanisms-loss of active Li, loss of active anode or cathode material, and debonding of an electrode from its current collector 55,56 -can be identified. Although all of the operando data described here comes from a single location in the pouch (the center), we are extending our approach to make 2D SOC-dependent operando maps of the temperature, strain, and SOC in fresh and degraded cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Feng

Ren

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A high energy X-ray diffraction technique is employed in a new way to make operando through-thickness measurements inside a large format commercial Li-ion pouch cell. The technique, which has a sub-mm in-plane spatial resolution, simultaneously determines the local temperature, the local state of charge of both electrodes (as opposed to the global average state of charge determined electrochemically), and the local in-plane elastic strain in the current collectors, all without embedding any intrusive sensors that alter battery behavior. As both thermal strain and mechanical strain develop during the charge-discharge cycling of the pouch cell, a novel approach developed herein makes it possible to separate them, allowing for measurement of the local temperature inside the battery. The operando experiment reveals that the temperature inside the cell is substantially higher than the external temperature. We propose that mechanical strain is due primarily to load transfer from the electrode to the current collector during lithiation, allowing determination of the local binder. Detailed local SOC mapping illustrates non-uniform degradation of the battery pouch cell. The possibility for 3D measurements is proposed. We believe that this new approach can provide critically needed data for validation of detailed models of processes inside commercial pouch cells. Today's electric vehicles generally use pouch cells rather than the more traditional cylindrical cells. An important advantage of pouch cells is their much higher surface-to-volume ratio for a given capacity, which permits better cooling. Batteries tend to heat up because of the hot environments that cars experience, internal electric resistance heating, and exothermic chemical reactions during operation. The performance of batteries fades over time, and high temperatures (say, above 45• C) greatly accelerate the fade rate 1,2 and may promote thermal runaway, 3 making temperature control critical. 4,5 Ideally, temperature control should be guided by the temperature inside the pouch cell, but making measurements inside an operating pouch cell has been difficult. Instead, the outside temperature has usually been taken as a surrogate for the internal temperature. [6][7][8] If pouch cells are sufficiently thin, and if the thermal conductivity is high enough, then it is reasonable to assume that the temperature measured at an x-y location on the outside of a pouch cell, with a thermocouple or with a thermal infrared (IR) camera, is close to the temperature at that x-y location all the way through its thickness. However, auto makers are motivated to make pouch cells thicker, reducing the number of expensive seals, electrical connections, and controls. Since local temperatures inside a thick cell might well be too high under some conditions, knowledge of the spatial distribution of internal temperature is of vital importance for achieving long life at low cost.A number of techniques have been developed to measure internal cell temperatures, 10-17 but measurement of loca...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Feng

Ren

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The fast battery charging technique thermally studied here was previously reported in [10], and was validated to attain quick recharges while causing no accelerated cell degradation [11]. The proposed thermal model is similar to several thermal models found in the literatures [12][13][14][15], but it presents a low computational complexity, and utilizes the external cell surface temperature as the main variable to infer heat generation during operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The 1C-CV steps complete at the charge at slow speed and reduce the temperature. More details of this method can be found in our previous work [10,11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis of a Fast Charging Technique for a High Power Lithium-Ion Cell

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The cell case temperature versus time profiles of a multistage fast charging technique (4C-1C-constant voltage (CV))/fast discharge (4C) in a 2.3 Ah cylindrical lithium-ion cell are analyzed using a thermal model. Heat generation is dominated by the irreversible component associated with cell overpotential, although evidence of the reversible component is also observed, associated with the heat related to entropy from the electrode reactions. The final charging stages (i.e., 1C-CV) significantly reduce heat generation and cell temperature during charge, resulting in a thermally safe charging protocol. Cell heat capacity was determined from cell-specific heats and the cell materials' thickness. The model adjustment of the experimental data during the 2 min resting period between discharge and charge allowed us to calculate both the time constant of the relaxation process and the cell thermal resistance. The obtained values of these thermal parameters used in the proposed model are almost equal to those found in the literature for the same cell model, which suggests that the proposed model is suitable for its implementation in thermal management systems.

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“…The BESS is one of the most popular used in microgrid due to high energy density and high efficiency. However, the BESS has various factors affect the number of lifespans and its operation such as the high current of charge/discharge, depth of discharge (DOD), temperature and voltage operation [1,2,3]. Therefore, reduction in the rapid change of current on BESS is preferred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Hybrid Energy Storage System for High Rate Power Mitigation in Microgrid

Wongdet

Marungsri

2018

Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Automation (ICEEA 2018)

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Abstract-Energy storage system (ESS) is integrated to a microgrid for managing the intermittent power from the renewable energy source. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is widely used in a microgrid, but it has various factors such as a high current of discharge/charge that affect the lifespan and quality of the BESS and lead the extravagant investment for replacing the BESS. This paper studies the using HESS consist of BESS and supercapacitor (SC). The SC well operates at the high rapid change of current of discharge/charge. The study was performed in MATLAB/Simulink program. The study results showed the HESS application to accommodate the quick change of load variation or the fluctuation of distributed generator (DG) output that help to reduce the fluctuation in the microgrid. This method can improve power and reduce the stress on BESS for dilating the lifespan.

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Fast charging technique for high power LiFePO4 batteries: A mechanistic analysis of aging

Cited by 190 publications

References 84 publications

Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Thermal Analysis of a Fast Charging Technique for a High Power Lithium-Ion Cell

Study of Hybrid Energy Storage System for High Rate Power Mitigation in Microgrid

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