Fast Blind Deblurring of QR Code Images Based on Adaptive Scale Control

Rong-jun, Chen; Zheng, Zhijun; Pan, Jeffrey Junfeng; Yu, Yongxing; Zhao, Huimin; Ren, Jinchang

doi:10.1007/s11036-021-01780-y

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Ref. Description Programmability [**] Embedding a program in a QR code to make it executable Anti-counterfeiting [36] Placing hidden information within the QR code to prevent its copy/falsification [37] Use of visual features combined with QR codes to guarantee the authenticity of a product Improving beauty [38] Generation of artistic QR codes, which are embedded in a picture [39] Embedding a QR code within a micrography image [40] Embedding a QR code within a picture [41] Inserting a QR code in a picture by using deep learning technology Improving other technologies [42] Integrating QR codes and RFID technologies to decrease the complexity of RFID circuitry Improving recognition [43] Using an adaptive method based on binarization to improve recognition quality [44] Improving recognition quality when QR codes are placed in an uneven surface [45] Reducing the size of information in a QR code to improve recognition performance [46] A deblurring method is used to improve acquisition quality of QR codes [47] Improving recognition quality of QR code by fastly restoring out-of-focus blurred images [48] Removing perspective by identifying the vertex of a QR code [49] Improve the performance in recognizing multiple QR codes in a picture Increasing capacity [50] Increasing the capacity of a QR code by means of lossless compression [51] Using colored QR codes to improve the storage capacity [52] Improving the encoding efficiency of Chinese characters based on the use frequency Multiple information [53] Embedding three layers of information within one QR code [54] Embedding two layers of information within one QR code [55] Placing a QR code inside another QR code and reading both with different angles Printing type [56] QR codes printed with ink sensitive to pH for quality monitoring of food freshness [57] QR code is printed on a sand core surface for traceability [58] Printing the QR code by caving it on the surface of an object Security [59] Embedding a secret within the QR code by using colors [60] Embedding a secret within the QR code [61] Embedding a secret within the QR code for authentication [...…”

Section: Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

QR Codes: From a Survey of the State of the Art to Executable eQR Codes for the Internet of Things

Scanzio,

Rosani,

Scamuzzi

et al. 2024

IEEE Internet Things J.

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QR codes are increasingly used in a plurality of scenarios, and research activities are being successfully carried out to improve this technology and widen its contexts of applicability. After an extensive survey of the state-of-the-art on the subject, this work presents the new, promising possibility to embed a programming language in a QR code.This new kind of executable QR codes, we named eQR codes, enable interaction with end users even in the absence of an Internet connection, and provide a sort of IoT paradigm where intelligence is embedded in the object tag in the form of a program. Among all the possible languages that can be embedded, this work focuses on a powerful but compact (in terms of QR code storage occupation) dialect, termed QRtree, which is aimed at implementing decision trees. The eQR code technology makes a new class of applications possible, e.g., providing hints for navigation or instructions for using rescue devices in places with no network coverage like mountains and caves. Smart interactive user manuals are enabled as well.Besides defining the QRtree language and eQR code structure, this paper describes all the steps needed to generate eQR codes and to manage their execution in end-user devices. A simple yet realistic example and the related code are also presented, to practically show how this technology can be used to solve realworld problems. For the example, the QRtree version of the code takes 234 B, less than one-half the size of an equivalent program in Python bytecode (634 B).

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Section: Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

QR Codes: From a Survey of the State of the Art to Executable eQR Codes for the Internet of Things

Scanzio,

Rosani,

Scamuzzi

et al. 2024

IEEE Internet Things J.

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show abstract

“…The frame with clearest edges in this batch was chosen as the focus spectral image at this wavelength, and the position of the displacement stage was the focus position of the wavelength. During the process, image clarity evaluation was implemented by edge detection using Tenengrad gradient method based on the Sobel operator [31]. This work was performed automatically by writing a control script to traverse all the needed working wavelengths, analyze the location of the clearest image, and complete the actual measurement of the objective chromatic aberration curve.…”

Section: Calibration Experiments and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater hyperspectral imaging bioinspired by chromatic blur vision

Chen¹,

Zhao²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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In the underwater environment, conventional hyperspectral imagers for imaging target scenes usually require stable carrying platforms for completing push sweep or complex optical components for beam splitting in long gaze imaging, which limits the system’s efficiency. In this paper, we put forward a novel underwater hyperspectral imaging system inspired by the visual features of typical cephalopods. We designed a visual bionic lens which enlarged the chromatic blur effect to further ensure that the system obtained blur images with high discrimination of different bands. Then, chromatic blur datasets were collected underwater to complete network training for hyperspectral image reconstruction. Based on the trained model, our system only required three frames of chromatic blur images as input to effectively reconstruct spectral images of 30 bands in the working light range from 430 nm to 720 nm. The results showed that the proposed hyperspectral imaging system exhibited good spectral imaging potential. Moreover, compared with the traditional gaze imaging, when obtaining similar hyperspectral images, the data sampling rate in the proposed system was reduced by 90%, and the exposure time of required images was only about 2.1 ms, reduced by 99.98%, which can greatly expand its practical application range. This experimental study illustrates the potential of chromatic blur vision for underwater hyperspectral imaging, which can provide rapid response in the recognition task of some underwater dynamic scenarios.

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“…In addition, Ref. 31 proposed an algorithm for QR images, trying to address out-of-focus problems, which has an impact on QR readability.…”

Section: Comparisons Between This Work and Related Onesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach for audible acoustic quick response codes

Zhu

Gao

Wang

2022

Sci Rep

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Compared to image-based quick response (QR) codes, acoustic QR codes have some advantages. However, an acoustic QR scanner cannot recognize an acoustic QR code at a distance of more than two meters from an acoustic QR announcer. To this end, we propose a new sort of acoustic QR code, called an audible acoustic QR code (AAQRC), which employs humanly audible sound to carry users’ information directly. First, a user’s string of characters is translated into a string of pitches. Then, the related algorithms convert the string of pitches into a playable audio file. As a result, an AAQRC is generated, consisting of the audio itself. AAQRC recognition is the opposite process of AAQRC generation. Compared with the existing approach for acoustic QR codes, the new method can recognize acoustic QR codes at a longer distance, even if there are obstacles between the AAQRC announcer and AAQRC scanner.

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Fast Blind Deblurring of QR Code Images Based on Adaptive Scale Control

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

QR Codes: From a Survey of the State of the Art to Executable eQR Codes for the Internet of Things

QR Codes: From a Survey of the State of the Art to Executable eQR Codes for the Internet of Things

Underwater hyperspectral imaging bioinspired by chromatic blur vision

A novel approach for audible acoustic quick response codes

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