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Rafac, Robert J.; Tanner, Carol E.; Livingston, A. E.; Berry, H. G.

doi:10.1103/physreva.60.3648

Cited by 100 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our final result for the Cs 6P 3/2 lifetime is 30.462(46) ns and is shown in Table II, along with the results of other recent high-precision measurements. Our value falls between the two other direct measurements using position-correlated and timecorrelated photon counting, differing by 0.35% from that of Rafac et al [7] and by 0.17% from that of Young et al [23]. The indirect measurement results include those obtained from the value of the van der Waals C 6 coefficient deduced from high-resolution Feshbach spectroscopy [24]; from the Cs 6S 1/2 static dipole polarizability measured in an atomic fountain experiment [25]; [27,28] and from high-resolution spectroscopy of photoassociated cold atoms [27,28].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…The weighted mean of all the results shown in Table II is 30.421 (26) ns. The reader is referred to Rafac et al [7] for a summary of additional, older measurements of the Cs 6P 3/2 lifetime. A measured lifetime can be used to calculate the reduced dipole matrix element, which is relevant for interpreting atomic parity non-conservation in Cs, using…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The labels correspond to the following references: (A) This work; (B ) ref. [7]; (C ) ref. [23]; (D) ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only recently has a comparison approaching the 0.1% level in heavy alkali atoms become possible due to advances in relativistic manybody perturbation theory such as the all-order method [5,6,22]. Previous direct high-precision measurements of the Cs 6P 3/2 lifetime employed position-correlated photon counting in a fast Cs beam with a reported value of 30.57(7) ns [7] and time-correlated single-photon counting in a thermal Cs beam resulting in a value of 30.41 (10) ns [23]. Indirect methods have also obtained precise lifetimes of the 6P 3/2 state using the value of the van der Waals C 6 coefficient [24] and from the Cs 6S 1/2 static dipole polarizability [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lifetime measurement of the cesium6P3/2level using ultrafast pump-probe laser pulses

et al. 2015

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Using the inherent timing stability of pulses from a mode-locked laser, we have precisely measured the cesium 6P 3/2 excited state lifetime. An initial pump pulse excites cesium atoms in two counterpropagating atomic beams to the 6P 3/2 level. A subsequent synchronized probe pulse ionizes atoms which remain in the excited state, and the photo-ions are collected and counted. By selecting pump pulses which vary in time with respect to the probe pulses, we obtain a sampling of the excited state population in time, resulting in a lifetime value of 30.462(46) ns. The measurement uncertainty (0.15%) is slightly larger than our previous report of 0.12% [Phys. Rev. A 84, 010501(R) (2011)] due to the inclusion of additional data and systematic errors. In this follow-up paper we present details of the primary systematic errors encountered in the measurement, which include atomic motion within the intensity profiles of the laser beams, quantum beating in the photo-ion signal, and radiation trapping. Improvements to further reduce the experimental uncertainty are also discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The labels correspond to the following references: (A) This work; (B ) ref. [7]; (C ) ref. [23]; (D) ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lifetime measurement of the cesium6P3/2level using ultrafast pump-probe laser pulses

et al. 2015

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“…Because of this, new and more accurate ways of measuring excited state lifetimes are constantly being investigated. Previous methods include time-correlated single photon techniques [4,5,6,7,8,9], beam-foil experiments [5], fast beam measurements [10,11], electron-photon delayed coincidence techniques [12,13], luminescent decay [14,15], linewidth measurements [16], photoassociative spectroscopy [17], and quantum jump methods [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Precision lifetime measurements of a single trapped ion with ultrafast laser pulses

et al. 2006

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We report precision measurements of the excited state lifetime of the 5p 2 P 1/2 and 5p 2 P 3/2 levels of a single trapped Cd + ion. The ion is excited with picosecond laser pulses from a mode-locked laser and the distribution of arrival times of spontaneously emitted photons is recorded. The resulting lifetimes are 3.148 ± 0.011 ns and 2.647 ± 0.010 ns for 2 P 1/2 and 2 P 3/2 respectively. With a total uncertainty of under 0.4%, these are among the most precise measurements of any atomic state lifetimes to date. Here we report excited state lifetime measurements using a time-correlated single photon counting technique on a single atom. This method, designed especially to eliminate common systematic errors, involves selective excitation of a single trapped ion to a particular excited state (lifetime of order nanoseconds) by an ultrafast laser pulse (duration of order picoseconds). Arrival of the spontaneously-emitted photon from the ion is correlated in time with the excitation pulse, and the excited state lifetime is extracted from the distribution of time delays from many such events.By performing the experiment on a single trapped ion, we are able to eliminate prevalent systematic errors, such as: pulse pileup that causes multiple photons to be collected within the time resolution of the detector, radiation trapping or the absorption and re-emission of radiation by neighboring atoms, atoms disappearing from view before decaying, and subradiance or superradiance arising from coherent interactions with nearby atoms. By using ultrafast laser pulses, we eliminate potential effects from applied light during the measurement interval.With this setup, at most one photon can be emitted following an excitation pulse. While this feature is instrumental in eliminating the above systematic errors, it would appear that this signal would require large integration times for reasonable statistical uncertainties. However, with a lifetime of only a few nanoseconds, millions FIG. 1: The experimental apparatus. (a) A picosecond mode locked Ti:Saph laser is tuned to four times the resonant wavelength for either the 5p 2 P 1/2 or the 5p 2 P 3/2 level of Cd + . Each pulse is then frequency-quadrupled through non-linear crystals, filtered from the fundamental and second harmonic, and directed to the ion. An amplified cw diode laser is also frequency quadrupled and tuned just red of the 2 P 3/2 transition for Doppler cooling of the ion within the trap. Acoustooptic modulators (AOM) are used to switch on and off the lasers as described in the text. Photons emitted from the ion are collected by an f /2.1 imaging lens and directed toward a photon-counting photo multiplier tube (PMT). The output of the PMT provides the start pulse for the time to digital converter (TDC), whereas the stop pulse is provided by the reference clock of the mode-locked laser. of such excitations can be performed each second, thus potentially allowing sufficient data for a statistical error of under 0.1% to be collected in a matter of minutes [6].A diagram of th...

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Terahertz Wave Detection and Imaging with a Hot Rydberg Vapour

Wade

2018

Springer Theses

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This thesis investigates the resonant interaction between Rydberg atoms in a hot caesium vapour and terahertz frequency electromagnetic fields, and explores hyperfine quantum beats modified by driving an excited state transition in an inverted ladder scheme. The 21P 3/2 caesium Rydberg atoms are excited using a three-step ladder scheme and we use a terahertz field resonant with the 21P 3/2 → 21S 1/2 transition (0.634 THz), to measure Autler-Townes splitting of a 3-photon Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) feature. The Autler-Townes splitting allows us to infer the terahertz electric field amplitude, and we show a worked example measurement of a low-amplitude electric field, yielding 25 ± 5 mVcm −1. By driving an off-resonant Raman transition which combines the laser and terahertz fields, we restrict the Rydberg excitation to areas of the caesium vapour where the laser and terahertz fields spatially overlap. We show that the terahertz field intensity is proportional I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to everyone who has helped me through the years of my PhD study. Foremost, it has been a privilege to have the guidance of my supervisor, Kevin Weatherill-thank you for your patience, support and confidence. Thank you also to my second supervisor, Charles Adams, for your ideas and suggestions in our weekly meetings. Any of the work would have been impossible without a super team of people. Thank you to Massayuki, Natalia, Patrick, Hadrien and, in particular, Nick, to whom I am grateful for physical insight, laboratory guerrilla tactics and advice for life. Good luck to Lucy, who will be continuing work on the project, and to Massayuki and Natalia who are embarking in new employment. I would also like to thank Mike Tarbutt, Claudio Balocco and Andrew Gallant for loaning us vital equipment and offering helpful advice. Thank you to Ifan Hughes for introducing me to Durham as a summer student. I have been immensely happy working within the AtMol group-thank you to everyone who has made my time so enjoyable. In particular thank you to Rob, James, Christoph, Dan, Pete, Mark and Danny for board games and Dani, Tommy and Nick for lunchtime runs. Thank you Alistair for all the ready-salted crisps(!), and the members of fAtMol for weekly cake and physics chat. Finally I would like to thank my family, Sally, Geof and David, for their support and for passing me their interest in science.

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Fast-beam laser lifetime measurements of the cesium6p2P1/2,3/2

Cited by 100 publications

References 29 publications

Lifetime measurement of the cesium6P3/2level using ultrafast pump-probe laser pulses

Lifetime measurement of the cesium6P3/2level using ultrafast pump-probe laser pulses

Precision lifetime measurements of a single trapped ion with ultrafast laser pulses

Terahertz Wave Detection and Imaging with a Hot Rydberg Vapour

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