Fast and Slow Metabolizers of<i>Hoasca</i>

Jc, Callaway

doi:10.1080/02791072.2005.10399797

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…caapi , THH is the second most abundant β-carboline in the plant 4, 29 . Additionally, THH shows more consistent plasma levels between individuals and studies than harmine, which is rapidly degraded to harmol when taken orally 29, 34 . The latter, formed in vivo by O-demethylation of the parent compound 29 , showed proliferative effects of similar magnitude to those of harmine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro

Morales-García

Revenga

Alonso‐Gil

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

131

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Banisteriopsis caapi is the basic ingredient of ayahuasca, a psychotropic plant tea used in the Amazon for ritual and medicinal purposes, and by interested individuals worldwide. Animal studies and recent clinical research suggests that B. caapi preparations show antidepressant activity, a therapeutic effect that has been linked to hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we report that harmine, tetrahydroharmine and harmaline, the three main alkaloids present in B. caapi, and the harmine metabolite harmol, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. In neurospheres prepared from progenitor cells obtained from the subventricular and the subgranular zones of adult mice brains, all compounds stimulated neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into adult neurons. These findings suggest that modulation of brain plasticity could be a major contribution to the antidepressant effects of ayahuasca. They also expand the potential application of B. caapi alkaloids to other brain disorders that may benefit from stimulation of endogenous neural precursor niches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro

Morales-García

Revenga

Alonso‐Gil

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

131

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“…As an increasing number of people have come into contact with this psychotropic tea, the beverage has begun to attract the attention of researchers interested in its pharmacological and toxicological aspects (Gable, 2007;Callaway et al, 1999;Callaway, 2005;Riba and Barbanoj, 2005;Riba et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatographic analysis of dimethyltryptamine and β‐carboline alkaloids in ayahuasca, an amazonian psychoactive plant beverage

Pires

Oliveira

Moura

et al. 2009

Phytochemical Analysis

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ABSTRACT:A method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of dimethyltryptamine and β-carfbolines alkaloids (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine) in ayahuasca preparations. The alkaloids were extracted by menas of solid phase extraction (C18) and detected by gas Introduction -Ayahuasca is obtained by infusing the pounded stems of Banisteriopsis caapi in combination with the leaves of Psychotria viridis. P. viridis is rich in the psychedelic indole N,N-dimethyltryptamine, whereas B. caapi contains substantial amounts of b-carboline alkaloids, mainly harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine, which are monoamine-oxidase inhibitors. Because of differences in composition in ayahuasca preparations, a method to measure their main active constituents is needed. Objective -To develop a gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of dimethyltryptamine and the main b-carbolines found in ayahuasca preparations. Methodology -The alkaloids were extracted by means of solid phase extraction (C 18 ) and detected by gas chromatography with nitrogen/phosphorous detector. Results -The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.02 mg/mL for all analytes. The calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 0.02-4.0 mg/mL (r 2 > 0.99). The method was also precise (RSD < 10%). Conclusion -A simple gas chromatographic method to determine the main alkaloids found in ayahuasca was developed and validated. The method can be useful to estimate administered doses in animals and humans for further pharmacological and toxicological investigations of ayahuasca.

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“…DMT is active when administered parenterally, but not orally because the gastrointestinal tract contains the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), which metabolizes orally ingested DMT (Tupper, 2008). DMT is, therefore, only active in the presence of β-carbolines, such as harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine, since these are potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (Callaway, 2005;Callaway et al, 1999;Gable, 2007;Riba & Barbanoj, 2005;Riba et al, 2003;Tupper, 2008). The synergistic interaction of these alkaloids is the basis of the psychotropic action of ayahuasca (McKenna, 2004;Riba et al, 2003;Tupper, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an increasing number of people have come into contact with this psychotropic tea, the beverage has begun to attract the attention of researchers interested in its pharmacological and toxicological aspects (Callaway, 2005;Callaway et al, 1999;Gable, 2007;Riba & Barbanoj, 2005;Riba et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an hallucinogenic indole alkaloid, structurally related to the neurotransmitter serotonin (Callaway, 2005;Callaway et al, 1999;Gable, 2007;Riba & Barbanoj, 2005;Riba et al, 2003;Tupper, 2008). DMT has high affi nity for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the brain and moderate to low affi nity for the 5-HT1A receptor (Keiser et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurobehavioral, reflexological and physical development of Wistar rat offspring exposed to ayahuasca during pregnancy and lactation

Oliveira¹,

Moreira²,

Yonamine³

2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic beverage prepared by the decoction of plants native to the Amazon Basin region. The beverage has been used throughout the world by members of some syncretic religious movements. Despite the recent legalization of ayahuasca in Brazil for religious purposes, there is little pre-clinical and clinical information attesting to its safety, particularly in relation to the use during pregnancy. The aim of the current work was to determine the effects of perinatal exposure to ayahuasca (from the 6 th day of pregnancy to the 10 th day of lactation) on physical, reflexology and neurobehavioral parameters of the Wistar rat offspring. The offspring showed no statistically significant changes in the physical and reflexology parameters evaluated. However, in adult rats, perinatally exposed to ayahuasca, an increase in frequency of entries in open arms in elevated plus-maze test, a decrease in total time of interaction in social interaction test, a decrease in time of latency for the animal to start swimming and a decrease of the minimum convulsant dose induced by pentylenetetrazol were observed. In conclusion, our results showed that the use of ayahuasca by mothers during pregnancy and lactation reduced the general anxiety and social motivation of the rat offspring. Besides, it promoted a higher sensitivity for initiation and spread of seizure activity.

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Fast and Slow Metabolizers ofHoasca

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro

The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro

Gas chromatographic analysis of dimethyltryptamine and β‐carboline alkaloids in ayahuasca, an amazonian psychoactive plant beverage

Neurobehavioral, reflexological and physical development of Wistar rat offspring exposed to ayahuasca during pregnancy and lactation

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