Fast and Miniaturized Chromatography

Abstract

This chapter provides a general overview of the different aspects, characteristics, and applications that involve the use of fast liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) as well as the miniaturized versions of both techniques such as capillary/nano‐LC, micro‐GC, capillary electrochromatography (CEC), and chips. Moreover, the primary objective of the early use of GC techniques was to completely resolve multi‐component mixtures in complex matrices and the attention on analysis time was delayed. The chapter presents the current trends in fast LC separations, which involve monolith technologies, fused core columns, sub‐2 μm particles, high‐temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC), and ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), as well as fast GC separations that can be basically achieved by the use of narrow‐bore columns, fast temperature programming, or low‐pressure gas chromatography (LPGC).

Recent applications of nanomaterials in capillary electrophoresis

“…CEC has become an alternative in the field of Separation Science due to a series of features derived from the hybridization of CE and liquid chromatography (LC), among them, the high efficiency and resolution resulting from homogeneous liquid flow of CE and the high selectivity of LC phases as well as low sample and solvent consumption and short analysis times . In addition, CEC is able to analyze both charged and neutral analytes by combining the use of a BGE and the resulting EOF from the application of an electric voltage with the chromatographic retention on the SP.…”

The broad-spectrum and ultra-sensitive detection of zeranol and its analogues by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cattle origin samples

“…In recent decades, numerous detection methods for zeranol residues in foods have been established, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 15 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 16 high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) 17 and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). 6 These methods have the advantages of high sensitivity and reliability, but they demand expensive precision instruments, complicated sample preparation, experienced professional operators and highly regimented experimental environments.…”