Fast and Inexpensive Phenotyping and Genotyping Methods for Evaluation of Barley Mutant Population

Abstract

To further develop barley breeding and genetics, more information on gene functions based on the analysis of the mutants of each gene is needed. However, the mutant resources are not as well developed as the model plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice. Although genome editing techniques have been able to generate mutants, it is not yet an effective method as it can only be used to transform a limited number of cultivars. Here, we developed a mutant population using ‘Mannenboshi’, which produces good quality grains with high yields but is susceptible to disease, to establish a Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) system that can isolate mutants in a high-throughput manner. To evaluate the availability of the prepared 8043 M3 lines, we investigated the frequency of mutant occurrence using a rapid, visually detectable waxy phenotype as an indicator. Four mutants were isolated and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the Waxy gene as novel alleles. It was confirmed that the mutations could be easily detected using the mismatch endonuclease CELI, revealing that a sufficient number of mutants could be rapidly isolated from our TILLING population.

RACE1, a Japanese Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate, is capable of overcoming partially mlo-mediated penetration resistance in barley in an allele-specific manner

“…Genomic DNA was extracted from 7-day-old seedlings of mlo accessions as described in Kawamoto et al [ 35 ] with slight modifications. Four cm 2 leaf segments frozen with liquid nitrogen were powdered by bead crushing with Shake Master Neo (BMS-M10N21, Biomedical Science Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).…”

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Potentiates Resistance to Biotrophic Invasion of Fungal Pathogens in Barley

“…Seedlings of barley ( Hordeum vulgare cv. Kobinkatagi) were grown in growth chambers (NK system LH-200-RD, Nippon Medical & Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) at 20 °C under the continuous light condition as described in Kawamoto et al [ 23 ]. Coleoptiles were excised from seedlings and single-cell epidermal layers of partially dissected coleoptiles were prepared as described previously [ 24 ].…”