“…The idea that a defendant's competence or incompetence determines whether criminal proceedings should go ahead is taken as essential to the ethical foundations of administering criminal justice (Bonnie, 1992;Steinberg, 2009). Thus, it is inherently unethical to subject an individual to legal proceedings when they lack competence, as this would compromise a fair and unbiased assessment of both culpability and accountability (Steinberg, 2009;Stepanyan et al, 2016), as would the conviction of an incompetent defendant be a violation of their right to due process (Brown, Haun, Zapf, & Aiken, 2018). Therefore, subjecting any individual to a trial when they lack rational understanding and the ability to meaningfully participate in the proceedings "offends the moral dignity of the process because it treats the defendant not as an accountable person, but as an object of the state's effort to carry out its promises" (Bonnie, 1992, p. 925).…”