Fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis: Current knowledge and future trends

Siles‐Lucas, Mar; Becerro-Recio, David; Serrat, Judit; González‐Miguel, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.011

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Economic losses derived from this disease are estimated to exceed $3 billion per year [ 3 ] and mainly affect ruminant livestock, arising from reduced production of animal by-products as well as an increased susceptibility to other diseases. Fasciolosis is also considered a major food-borne zoonotic disease as human cases have been reported in up to 51 countries [ 4 ]. Current estimations suggest that around 2.6 million people could be affected by this disease, and up to 90 million may be at risk of infection [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the migration of Fasciola hepatica juveniles across the intestinal barrier of the host by quantitative proteomics in an ex vivo model

et al. 2022

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Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite that infects animals and humans causing fasciolosis, a worldwide-distributed disease responsible for important economic losses and health problems. This disease is of growing public health concern since parasite isolates resistant to the current treatment (triclabendazole) have increasingly been described. F. hepatica infects its vertebrate host after ingestion of the encysted parasite (metacercariae), which are found in the water or attached to plants. Upon ingestion, newly excysted juveniles of F. hepatica (FhNEJ) emerge in the intestinal lumen and cross the intestinal barrier, reach the peritoneum and migrate to the biliary ducts, where adult worms fully develop. Despite the efforts made to develop new therapeutic and preventive tools, to date, protection against F. hepatica obtained in different animal models is far from optimal. Early events of host-FhNEJ interactions are of paramount importance for the infection progress in fasciolosis, especially those occurring at the host-parasite interface. Nevertheless, studies of FhNEJ responses to the changing host environment encountered during migration across host tissues are still scarce. Here, we set-up an ex vivo model coupled with quantitative SWATH-MS proteomics to study early host-parasite interaction events in fasciolosis. After comparing tegument and somatic fractions from control parasites and FhNEJ that managed to cross a mouse intestinal section ex vivo, a set of parasite proteins whose expression was statistically different were found. These included upregulation of cathepsins L3 and L4, proteolytic inhibitor Fh serpin 2, and a number of molecules linked with nutrient uptake and metabolism, including histone H4, H2A and H2B, low density lipoprotein receptor, tetraspanin, fatty acid binding protein a and glutathione-S-transferase. Downregulated proteins in FhNEJ after gut passage were more numerous than the upregulated ones, and included the heath shock proteins HSP90 and alpha crystallin, amongst others. This study

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the migration of Fasciola hepatica juveniles across the intestinal barrier of the host by quantitative proteomics in an ex vivo model

et al. 2022

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“…Fasciolosis is a foodborne trematodosis caused by platyhelminthes from the family Fasciolidae, primarily represented by the species Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica that have a worldwide distribution as a result of their ability to develop in a variety of habitats and hosts [1]. Infection in the definitive host begins following ingestion of a number of Fasciola metacercariae, which excyst in the small intestine releasing the newly excysted juveniles (NEJ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition Pattern of the Fasciola hepatica Excretome/Secretome during the Course of an Experimental Infection in Sheep by 2D Immunoproteomics

et al. 2021

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Excretory/secretory products released by helminth parasites have been widely studied for their diagnostic utility, immunomodulatory properties, as well as for their use as vaccines. Due to their location at the host/parasite interface, the characterization of parasite secretions is important to unravel the molecular interactions governing the relationships between helminth parasites and their hosts. In this study, the excretory/secretory products from adult worms of the trematode Fasciola hepatica (FhES) were employed in a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblot and mass spectrometry, to analyze the immune response elicited in sheep during the course of an experimental infection. Ten different immunogenic proteins from FhES recognized by serum samples from infected sheep at 4, 8, and/or 12 weeks post-infection were identified. Among these, different isoforms of cathepsin L and B, peroxiredoxin, calmodulin, or glutathione S-transferase were recognized from the beginning to the end of the experimental infection, suggesting their potential role as immunomodulatory antigens. Furthermore, four FhES proteins (C2H2-type domain-containing protein, ferritin, superoxide dismutase, and globin-3) were identified for the first time as non-immunogenic proteins. These results may help to further understand host/parasite relationships in fasciolosis, and to identify potential diagnostic molecules and drug target candidates of F. hepatica.

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“…Varying levels of prevalence, from 5.9% to 70%, are found sporadically throughout the region depending on the hydrology, geography, snail host distribution and levels of animal infection [ 120 , 121 ]. A greater focus on the emergence of human fasciolosis over the last 30 years has discovered major endemic regions in China, South-East Asia (such as Vietnam), Egypt, Turkey and Northern Iran [ 10 , 122–125 ], and that outbreaks or cases occur across 80 countries where animal fasciolosis is also present [ 10 , 126 ]. Consequently, fasciolosis has been recently recognized as an important neglected zoonotic disease of humans by the World Health Organization [ 10 ].…”

Section: Pathogenicity Of Fasciola Spp In Their Definitive Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, fasciolosis has been recently recognized as an important neglected zoonotic disease of humans by the World Health Organization [ 10 ]. The emerging importance of human fasciolosis has spurred the publication of several excellent detailed reviews over the last five years [ 9 , 46 , 126 ].…”

Section: Pathogenicity Of Fasciola Spp In Their Definitive Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukesFasciola hepaticaandFasciolaGiganticathat cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis

et al. 2021

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Fasciolosis caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases of humans and animals. The ability of the parasites to infect and multiply in their intermediate snail hosts, and their adaptation to a wide variety of mammalian definitive hosts contribute to their high transmissibility and distribution. Within the mammalian host, the trauma caused by the immature flukes burrowing through the liver parenchyma is associated with most of the pathogenesis. Similarly, the feeding activity and the physical presence of large flukes in the bile ducts can lead to anemia, inflammation, obstruction and cholangitis. The high frequency of non-synonymous polymorphisms found in Fasciola spp. genes allows for adaptation and invasion of a broad range of hosts. This is also facilitated by parasite’s excretory-secretory (ES) molecules that mediate physiological changes that allows their establishment within the host. ES contains cathepsin peptidases that aid parasite invasion by degrading collagen and fibronectin. In the bile ducts, cathepsin-L is critical to hemoglobin digestion during feeding activities. Other molecules (peroxiredoxin, cathepsin-L and Kunitz-type inhibitor) stimulate a strong immune response polarized toward a Treg/Th2 phenotype that favors fluke’s survival. Helminth defense molecule, fatty acid binding proteins, Fasciola -specific glycans and miRNAs modulate host pro-inflammatory responses, while antioxidant scavenger enzymes work in an orchestrated way to deter host oxidant-mediated damage. Combining these strategies Fasciola spp. survive for decades within their mammalian host, where they reproduce and spread to become one of the most widespread zoonotic worm parasites in the world.

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Fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis: Current knowledge and future trends

Cited by 37 publications

References 107 publications

Study of the migration of Fasciola hepatica juveniles across the intestinal barrier of the host by quantitative proteomics in an ex vivo model

Study of the migration of Fasciola hepatica juveniles across the intestinal barrier of the host by quantitative proteomics in an ex vivo model

Recognition Pattern of the Fasciola hepatica Excretome/Secretome during the Course of an Experimental Infection in Sheep by 2D Immunoproteomics

Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukesFasciola hepaticaandFasciolaGiganticathat cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis

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