Fascinating role of silicon to combat salinity stress in plants: An updated overview

Dhiman, Pallavi; Rajora, Nitika; Bhardwaj, Shubham; Sudhakaran, Sreeja; Kumar, Amit; Raturi, Gaurav; Chakraborty, Koushik; Gupta, Om Prakash; Devanna, B. N.; Tripathi, Durgesh Kumar; Deshmukh, Rupesh

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.023

Cited by 81 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…In G. uralensis , compared with the application of Si in the soil, foliar spray alone effectively increased K + levels and reduced Na + levels 35 . This may be associated with the Si-induced upregulation of genes involved in potassium uptake ( OsAKT1 and OsSHAK1 ) and xylem load ( OsSKOR ) 53 , which promotes the increase of K + transport and increases the H + -ATPase activity, forming a mechanical barrier to reduce Na + transport 54 . Therefore, we believe that the capacity of Si to enhance K + -selective transport and increase the K + /Na + ratio might be the main mechanisms to improve plant growth and productivity under salt stress, which is in agreement with the findings of previous studies 5 , 52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon improves ion homeostasis and growth of liquorice under salt stress by reducing plant Na+ uptake

Shen

Wang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Silicon (Si) effectively alleviates the effects of salt stress in plants and can enhance salt tolerance in liquorice. However, the mechanisms by which Si improved salt tolerance in liquorice and the effects of foliar application of Si on different liquorice species under salt stress are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of foliar application of Si on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and ion balance of two liquorice species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. inflata. High salt stress resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of Na+, decreased photosynthetic pigment concentrations, perturbed ion homeostasis, and eventually inhibited both liquorice species growth. These effects were more pronounced in G. uralensis, as G. inflata is more salt tolerant than G. uralensis. Foliar application of Si effectively reduced the decomposition of photosynthetic pigments and improved gas exchange parameters, thereby promoting photosynthesis. It also effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation and leaf electrolyte leakage and enhanced osmotic adjustment of the plants. Furthermore, Si application increased the K+ concentration and reduced Na+ absorption, transport, and accumulation in the plants. The protective effects of Si were more pronounced in G. uralensis than in G. inflata. In conclusion, Si reduces Na+ absorption, improves ion balance, and alleviates the negative effects of salt stress in the two liquorice species studied, but the effect is species dependent. These findings may help to develop novel strategies for protecting liquorice plants against salt stress and provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of salt tolerance and the scientific cultivation of liquorice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon improves ion homeostasis and growth of liquorice under salt stress by reducing plant Na+ uptake

Shen

Wang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…GAs are an important class of phytohormones critical to plants, such as seed germination and fruiting ( Colebrook et al, 2014 ). The endogenous levels of GA are upregulated under salinity stress in Glycine max upon application of Si at 2.5-mM concentration ( Arif et al, 2021 ; Dhiman et al, 2021 ). The Si-triggered upregulation of GA 1 and GA 4 content in cucumber plants helps to withstand drought and salinity stress ( Hamayun et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Si-induced Differential Phytohormone Synthesis Under Abiotic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In maize, salinity stress is alleviated by exposure to Si through improvements in growth and maintaining ion homeostasis via decline in Na + uptake ( Ali et al, 2021 ). Si improves uptake of K + , which, in turn, stimulates H + -ATPase enzymes in the plasma membrane to overcome salt stress in maize and other plants ( Liang et al, 2005 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Dhiman et al, 2021 ). Under salinity stress, the application of Si in rice was reported to decrease the accumulation of sodium and chloride ions through apoplastic transport ( Shi et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Salinity Tolerance Mediated By Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concomitantly, it is reported that Si induces greater H + -ATPase activity to lower the electrolyte leakage resulting in higher secretion of Na + from cells in Puccinellia distans ( Soleimannejad et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, to avoid multiple abiotic stressors, Si deposition in leaf blades during salinity results in converting complexions to non-toxic stable ions to regulate ROS production ( Mandlik et al, 2020 ; Ahire et al, 2021 ; Dhiman et al, 2021 ). Due to the deposition of Si in the cell walls of endodermis and rhizodermis, the transport of Na + is blocked through a reduction in apoplastic movement of Si across the root system, leading to a drastic decline in the transport of Si from roots to shoots, hence salinity tolerance ( Khan et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Salinity Tolerance Mediated By Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress

et al. 2022

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Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from the novel intervention of traditional and applied strategies to defend the abiotic stress conditions. The silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts by regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing the growth and development of crop plants. Si is categorized as a non-essential element since crop plants accumulate less during normal environmental conditions. Studies on the application of Si in plants highlight the beneficial role of Si during extreme stressful conditions through modulation of several metabolites during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones are primary plant metabolites positively regulated by Si during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones play a pivotal role in crop plants’ broad-spectrum biochemical and physiological aspects during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are internally correlated with Si in regulating abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into the role of Si in enhancing the phytohormone metabolism and its role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical well-being of crop plants during diverse abiotic stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si’s pivotal role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants through metabolic and molecular modulations is elaborated. Furthermore, the potential of various high throughput technologies has also been discussed in improving Si-induced multiple stress tolerance. In addition, a special emphasis is engrossed in the role of Si in achieving sustainable agricultural growth and global food security.

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“…Several mechanisms of Si amelioration of salt stress have been proposed: (1) the accumulation of Na in the shoots of rice [23] and barley [20][21][22] after Si addition under salinity stress. (2) Reduction of Na uptake by the roots [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Silica Ions and Nano Silica on Growth and Productivity of Pea Plants under Salinity Stress

Ismail

Soliman

El-Aziz

et al. 2022

Plants

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) and nano-silicon (NSi) on growth, yield, ions content, and antioxidant defense systems, including transcript levels of enzyme-encoding genes in Pisum sativum plants grown under salinity stress. Both Si and NSi were applied at the 3 mM level and NaCl was applied at 4 concentrations (100, 150, 200 and 250 mM). Vegetative growth, including plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weights, and yield attributes were determined. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes was analyzed, and their activities were determined. The results showed that salinity had deleterious effects on plant growth and yield. Salt-stressed plant leaves exhibited a greater activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), but a lower activity of catalase (CAT) when compared to the control. Na+ ions accumulated in roots and shoots of salinized plants. The application of Si and NSi significantly enhanced vegetative growth and relative water content (RWC), and caused significant increases in plant height, fresh and dry weight, total yield, and antioxidant defense systems. Si and NSi enhanced K+ content in roots and shoots under salinity treatment and decreased Na+ content in the studied tissues. It was concluded that the application of NSi was beneficial in improving the salt tolerance of Pisum sativum plants more than Si alone.

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Fascinating role of silicon to combat salinity stress in plants: An updated overview

Cited by 81 publications

References 119 publications

Silicon improves ion homeostasis and growth of liquorice under salt stress by reducing plant Na+ uptake

Silicon improves ion homeostasis and growth of liquorice under salt stress by reducing plant Na+ uptake

Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress

Impact of Silica Ions and Nano Silica on Growth and Productivity of Pea Plants under Salinity Stress

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