Farming practices and the respiratory health risks of swine confinement buildings

Cormier, Yvon; Israël-Assayag, Évelyne; Racine, Gina; Duchaine, Caroline

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15.22.x

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In these facilities, the mean ¡ SD values of total dust were 2.9 ¡ 0.9 mg?m -3 , mean values of endotoxin were #11,400 EU?m -3 ¡ 0.9 mg?m -3 and mean ¡ SD values of ammonia were 11.3 ¡ 4.2 ppm. Despite the case subjects working in newer barns, the current authors have no reason to believe that the exposures for these cases were substantially different than those previously described, as newer facilities have been shown to have at least the same levels of exposure as the older facilities [18].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

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Occupational asthma in newly employed workers in intensive swine confinement facilities

Dosman¹,

Lawson²,

Kirychuk³

et al. 2004

European Respiratory Journal

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Respiratory symptoms, reductions in pulmonary function and increased bronchial responsiveness have been described in exposed workers and in naïve volunteers exposed to intensive swine production facilities. Typically, this occurs in persons who have been employed for a long duration or in previously unexposed, naïve volunteers.The current authors describe four cases, all female, who developed acute onset of wheezing and cough suggestive of asthma within weeks of commencing full-time employment in intensive swine production facilities.None of the workers were aware of any previous asthma, allergies or hay fever. All four employees reported improvement of symptoms on cessation of work in the facilities and consequent withdrawal from exposure. However, when seen at the respiratory clinic, cases 1 and 3 continued to be either mildly symptomatic or were taking medications with continued borderline airways responsiveness, as measured by methacholine challenge test up to 4 and 5 months, respectively, following work cessation. Case 2 continued to have symptoms for o3 months after work cessation. Only case 1, however, was seen at repeated visits in the respiratory clinic. One worker participated in a work re-entry trial and experienced profound coughing and chest tightness within an hour of entry, after which, the trial had to be terminated. Provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20) measured 5 h later was lower than pre-trial PC20. No acute exposure event was recorded in the workers prior to the onset of symptoms.To the current authors9 knowledge, this is the first report of occupational asthma occurring in newly employed full-time intensive swine production workers after a shortterm exposure and should raise awareness that previously unexposed workers may be at risk of developing what would appear to be long-term asthma after relatively short-term exposure.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…o8 h q.d.) have exposure to substances at similar or greater levels than those described for older, smaller family-operated facilities [18]. Asthma has been reported in swine farmers, but after long-term exposure [2,19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational asthma in newly employed workers in intensive swine confinement facilities

Dosman¹,

Lawson²,

Kirychuk³

et al. 2004

European Respiratory Journal

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“…Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, is a PAMP recognized by the PRR Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Although important, LPS levels are not consistently associated with inflammatory outcomes in swine confinement workers (6,35,43), and mice deficient in TLR4 signaling are not completely protected against swine barn air-induced airway inflammation (5). Recent molecular biology techniques show that bioaerosols in animal environments are dominated by an incredibly diverse population of gram-positive bacteria (10,25,26,28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic dust augments nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain expression via an NF-κB pathway to negatively regulate inflammatory responses

Poole

Kielian

Wyatt

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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“…High airborne bacterial aerosols concentrations (up to 10 5 colony-forming units [CFU]/m 3 ) for nasal breathing exposure were found in a swine confinement building investigation in Canada Cormier et al, 2000). There was 2.8 Â 10 4 CFU/m 3 of respirable airborne microorganisms recovered when Predicala et al studied the bioaerosols concentration in the swine finishing barns (Predicala et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation efficiency to Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacterial aerosols of spraying neutral electrolyzed water

Chuang

Yang

Chang

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The main objective of this study is to apply neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) spraying to inactivate bioaerosols. We evaluated the inactivation efficiency of NEW applied to inactivate two airborne bacterial Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis aerosols inside an environmental-controlled chamber in the study. Generated with electrolyzing 6.15 M sodium chloride brine, the NEW with free available chlorine (FAC) concentration 50, 100, and 200 ppm was pumped with an air pressure of 70 kg/cm 2 through nozzle into the chamber to inactive E. coli and B. subtilis aerosols precontaminated air (initial counts of 3 Â 10 4 colony-forming units [CFU]/m 3 ). Bacterial aerosols were collected and cultured from chamber before and after NEW spray. The air exchange rate (ACH, hr À1 ) of the chamber was set to simulate fresh air ventilating dilution of indoor environment. First-order concentration decaying coefficients (Ka, min À1 ) of both bacterial aerosols were measured as an index of NEW inactivation efficiency. The result shows that higher FAC concentration of NEW spray caused better inactivation efficiency. The Ka values under ACH 1.0 hr À1 were 0.537 and 0.598 for E. coli of FAC 50 and 100 ppm spraying, respectively. The Ka values of FAC 100 ppm and 200 ppm spraying for B. subtilis were 0.063 and 0.085 under ACH 1.0 hr À1 , respectively. The results indicated that NEW spray is likely to be effective in inactivation of bacterial airborne contamination. Moreover, it is observed in the study that the increase of ventilation rate and the use of a larger orifice-size nozzle may facilitate the inactivation efficiency.Implications: Bacterial aerosols have been implicated in deterioration of air quality and occupational health. Effective, safe, and economic control technology is highly demanded, especially for agricultural and food industries. In the study, NEW mist spraying performed effectively in controlling E. coli and B. subtilis modeling bioaerosols contamination. The NEW revealed its potential as an alternative airborne disinfectant worth being discovered for improving the environmental quality in the future.

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Farming practices and the respiratory health risks of swine confinement buildings

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Occupational asthma in newly employed workers in intensive swine confinement facilities

Occupational asthma in newly employed workers in intensive swine confinement facilities

Organic dust augments nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain expression via an NF-κB pathway to negatively regulate inflammatory responses

Inactivation efficiency to Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacterial aerosols of spraying neutral electrolyzed water

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