Farming of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis Pyrifera in Southern Chile for Development of Novel Food Products

Gutierrez, A.; Correa, Tomás; Muñoz, Verónica Francisca Loewe; Santibañez, Alejandro; Marcos, Roberto; Cáceres, C. Joaquín; Buschmann, Alejandro H.

doi:10.1007/s10811-006-9025-y

Cited by 59 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The identification of higher value products and extracts from macroalgae will serve as an added argument in support of their production in IMTA systems. For instance, Macrocystis, a low-value genus harvested for its alginates, has recently been used in higher valued edible products, and as organic feed for abalone (Gutiérrez et al, 2006;Flores-Aguilar et al, 2007). The utilization of seaweeds for aquafeeds is an emergent research priority for the aquaculture industry, and this may act as an additional convincing point to the industry to deploy IMTA systems.…”

Section: Internal Economic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art and Challenges for Offshore Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)

et al. 2018

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By moving away from coastal waters and hence reducing pressure on nearshore ecosystems, offshore aquaculture can be seen as a possible step towards the large-scale expansion of marine food production. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in nearshore water bodies has received increasing attention and could therefore play a role in the transfer of aquaculture operations to offshore areas. IMTA holds scope for multi-use of offshore areas and can bring environmental benefits from making use of waste products and transforming these into valuable co-products. Furthermore, they may act as alternative marine production systems and provide scope for alternative income options for coastal communities, e.g., by acting as nodes for farm operation and maintenance requirements. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the implications of the exposed nature of offshore and open ocean sites on the biological, technological and socio-economic performance of IMTA. Of particular interest is improving knowledge about resource flows between integrated species in hydrodynamic challenging conditions that characterize offshore waters.

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Section: Internal Economic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art and Challenges for Offshore Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)

et al. 2018

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“…To provide the suspended culture centres with young sporophytes, two different methodologies were developed: free-floating sporophytes (following Westermeier et al 2006 protocol) and rope-seeded sporophytes (following Gutierrez et al 2006 protocol and optimized following Camus & Buschmann 2017) ( Fig. 2).…”

Section: Experimental Seedling Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most exploited resources is the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh or 'huiro', which inhabits the Chilean coast from Arica to the Magallanes region, covering more than 4000 kilometres of coast (Hoffmann & Santelices 1997). The principal markets are as fresh biomass for abalone feed (Correa et al 2016), as dry biomass for alginate extraction (Indergaard & Østgaard 1991), as potential food (Gutierrez et al 2006) and as biomass to produce plant growth enhancers (Buschmann et al 2008). Recently, new possible markets are under development for M. pyrifera, like human consumption (mini-seavegetables, www.elrepuertero.cl) and biofuel/chemical production (Song et al 2015;Suutari et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Camus

Infante

Buschmann

2016

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Chile is one of the main producers of seaweeds in the world; however, most of the production comes from harvesting natural beds and only 2.4% from cultures, dominated by the agarophyte Gracilaria chilensis. One of the most exploited resources is the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, which is sold fresh for abalone feed and dry for alginate extraction. Recently, new possible markets are developing for this species, for example human consumption and biofuel/chemical production that could increase the demand and justify the development of a commercial cultivation system. The objective of this work was to present the recent development of the seafarming of M. pyrifera in Chile, focusing on the fundamental determinants of productivity in cultivated systems and the identification of the binding constraints to productivity. Three experimental plots (up to 21 Ha) were designed and deployed in three study areas (Caldera in northern Chile and Quenac and Ancud in southern Chile) to test different environmental conditions. During a period of 3 years, sporophytes produced in an indoor hatchery were deployed monthly, at different densities, and followed until harvest. Environmental parameters and biomass were monitored on a monthly basis. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of Macrocystis seafarming on a large scale in Chile. Important differences in yield were observed between the study areas associated with either environmental physical or biological factors, such as the presence of herbivores. Our best production cycle reached 124 WMT Ha−1 month −1 in southern Chile, and the worst, less than 20 WMT Ha−1 month−1 in northern Chile. Finally, some direct and indirect constrains were encountered, including seeding season and depth, and the presence of pests and diseases, that are discussed.

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“…The general agreement on the importance of the holdfast as a taxonomic feature was questioned when Hay (1986) described a fourth species, M. laevis C. H. Hay, present at Marion Island (SW Indian Ocean), primarily based on the morphology of its smooth blades and vesiculate sporophylls; however, it possessed a conical holdfast similar to M. pyrifera. Aguilar-Rosas et al (2003) also collected M. laevis in southern Chile, but this record has been questioned (Gutierrez et al 2006). North (1994) observed that if using blade features finds general acceptance by algal taxonomists, possibilities exist for the creation of additional species within the genus due to the high plasticity in blade and holdfast morphologies.…”

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Dna Barcoding and Genetic Divergence in the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Laminariales)1

Macaya

Zuccarello

2010

Journal of Phycology

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The brown alga Macrocystis C. Agardh is widely distributed throughout the cold temperate waters of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, forming ecologically diverse and productive kelp forests. The taxonomy of this alga has been under constant discussion. Since the first description, species have been mostly described by holdfast and blade morphology; however, the importance of these taxonomic characters has been questioned. Based on a morphological study, the genus has recently been synonymized into a single species, M. pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh, but additional genetic evidence is still lacking. Using the “DNA‐barcoding” gene (COI), we examined the taxonomy of Macrocystis collected from 19 sites worldwide, covering the distribution of the four ecomorphs (M. “pyrifera,” M. “angustifolia,” M “integrifolia,” and M. “laevis”). Our molecular data strongly support the recognition of a single species; therefore, the genus should contain only one species, M. pyrifera, the oldest name. Results also reveal shared haplotypes in several distant sites around the Southern Hemisphere and very low variability among samples. Additionally, samples of the ecomorphs M. “integrifolia” and M. “pyrifera” from a sympatric population in California had the same haplotype. The revised taxonomy changes questions of Macrocystis distribution from interspecific dispersal and evolutionary questions to intraspecific ecological questions on the maintenance of Macrocystis in certain environments that produce particular morphologies.

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Farming of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis Pyrifera in Southern Chile for Development of Novel Food Products

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

State of the Art and Challenges for Offshore Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)

State of the Art and Challenges for Offshore Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)

Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Dna Barcoding and Genetic Divergence in the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Laminariales)1

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