Farming Characteristics and Manure Management of Small Ruminant and Cervid Livestock

Norris, Aaron B; Smith, William B

doi:10.2134/asaspecpub67.c7

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…The data on livestock, on the other hand, estimates ∼135 million tones of animal excreta generation per year in India, of which more than 90% are from cattle and buffalo sources (Bhattacharjya et al, 2019). In addition, India also accounts for 11% of goat meat and nearly 8% of fish production, ranking as the world's second and third largest producers, respectively (Norris and Smith, 2020). According to the 20th Livestock census data, livestock industries, including fisheries, contribute more than 25% of the total agriculture GDP in India, with an overall increase of 4.6% in production in the last 7 years.…”

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Revisiting the oldest manure of India, Kunapajala: Assessment of its animal waste recycling potential as a source of plant biostimulant

Mukherjee

Basak²,

Chakraborty³

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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India's oldest documented manure, most commonly referred to as Kunapajala, has a long history of over 1,000 years in crop cultivation. Kunapajala is primarily an in-situ decomposition technology of animal waste and can potentially provide an eco-friendly pipeline for recycling bio-waste into essential plant nutrients. This traditional animal manure, in addition, also contains dairy excreta (e.g., feces and urine), dairy products (e.g., milk and ghee), natural resources (e.g., honey), broken seeds or grains, and their non-edible by-product waste. Here, we aimed to assess the waste recycling and plant biostimulant potential of Kunapajala prepared from livestock (e.g., Black Bengal goats) or fish (e.g., Bombay duck) post-processed wastes over different decomposition periods, e.g., (0, 30, 60, and 90-days). In this study, an in-situ quantification of livestock- (lKPJ) and fish-based Kunapajala (fKPJ) reveals a dynamic landscape of essential plant primary nutrients, e.g., (0.70 > NH4-N < 3.40 g•L−1), (100.00 > P2O5 < 620.00 mg•L−1), and (175.00 > K2O < 340.00 mg•L−1), including other physico-chemical attributes of Kunapajala. Using correlation statistics, we find that the plant-available nutrient content of Kunapajala depicts a significant (p < 0.0001) transformation over decomposition along with microbial dynamics, abundance, and diversities, delineating a microbial interface to animal waste decomposition and plant growth promotion. Importantly, this study also reports the indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) content (40.00 > IAA < 135.00 mg•L−1) in Kunapajala. Furthermore, the bacterial screening based on plant growth-promoting traits and their functional analyses elucidate the mechanism of the plant biostimulant potential of Kunapajala. This assay finally reports two best-performing plant growth-promoting bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Bacillus subtilis) by the 16S ribotyping method. In support, in-planta experiments have demonstrated, in detail, the bio-stimulative effects of Kunapajala, including these two bacterial isolates alone or in combination, on seed germination, root-shoot length, and other important agronomic, physio-biochemical traits in rice. Together, our findings establish that Kunapajala can be recommended as a source of plant biostimulant to improve crop quality traits in rice. Overall, this work highlights Kunapajala, for the first time, as a promising low-cost microbial technology that can serve a dual function of animal waste recycling and plant nutrient recovery to promote sustainable intensification in agroecosystems.

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Revisiting the oldest manure of India, Kunapajala: Assessment of its animal waste recycling potential as a source of plant biostimulant

Mukherjee

Basak²,

Chakraborty³

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Advances and Outlook of Manure Production and Management

Pagliari

Waldrip

2020

Animal Manure

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Wadi Agriculture Future Insight: Soil, Topographical, Agricultural, and Human Perspectives in Rahma Bedouin Village, Hanegev Highlands, Israel

Mor‐Mussery

El-Freijat²

2022

GES

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The Arab peninsula suffers from intense wadi erosion, which is been expressed by a dense net of wadis that are correlated by overland flows to their surrounded landforms (e.g. loess slopes and rocky grounds). Therefore, the study hypothesized that the wadi reclamation will affect all these correlated landforms. The following objectives were defined: determining the influence of check damming, savanna tree plantation, and grazing on the wadi ‘Aboveground net primary production’ (ANPP) and determining the influence of wadi ANPP on neighboured area state. Two sites were studied: Project Wadi Atir (PWA) and Rahma. PWA site is located adjacent to Hura Bedouin municipality. The soil is loessial with a dense wadis net. In 2011 the area was leased to the PWA association for its agricultural utilization and conservation. The second site is located on Yeroham hills, Hanegev highland. The area is settled by Bedouin for the El-Azzazma tribe (Rahma village). Half of the area is covered by a 1-2m loess layer, while the other is exposed limestone. Two measurements were carried out to determine the ANPP, manual measurement of the herbaceous biomass weight and SAVI imaging. The finding for both methods indicates a yearly annual increase of 100-150% of ANPP. In addition, a tight correlation was found between the ANPP of the reclaimed wadi and an increase ANPP of 200-450% in the 4m neighboured areal slot. The study of Rahma reveals a positive ANPP feedback loop between the wadi shape, check dams location, and the grazing regime. The study principles may suit wadies all over the Arab peninsula.

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Farming Characteristics and Manure Management of Small Ruminant and Cervid Livestock

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Revisiting the oldest manure of India, Kunapajala: Assessment of its animal waste recycling potential as a source of plant biostimulant

Revisiting the oldest manure of India, Kunapajala: Assessment of its animal waste recycling potential as a source of plant biostimulant

Advances and Outlook of Manure Production and Management

Wadi Agriculture Future Insight: Soil, Topographical, Agricultural, and Human Perspectives in Rahma Bedouin Village, Hanegev Highlands, Israel

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