Farmers’ Perceptions and Drivers of Antimicrobial Use and Abuse in Commercial Pig Production, Ogun State, Nigeria

Adebowale, Oluwawemimo; Adeyemo, Folashade Adefunke; Bankole, Noah; Olasoju, Mary; Adesokan, Hezekiah Kehinde; Fasina, Folorunso O.; Adeyemo, Olanike K.; Awoyomi, O. J.; Kehinde, O. O.; Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo

doi:10.3390/ijerph17103579

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In Nigeria, one mcr -1-carrying Alcaligenes faecalis was detected among 12 faecal multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (8.3%) recovered in 2016 from the rectum of pigs [ 40 ], suggesting that non- Enterobacteriaceae has been circulating mcr -1 in West Africa since at least 2016. COL selective pressure in the Nigerian porcine sector is likely due to the use of various antimicrobials (including colistin) without the veterinarian's supervision in the management of pigs [ 47 ]. Prophylactic antibiotic use against meningitis and sepsis (which are relatively common economic diseases in pigs caused by diverse organisms) is a potential cause of antimicrobial resistance in pigs [ 48 ].…”

Section: Plasmid-mediated Colistin Resistance Among Isolates From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene Harbouring Isolates from Different Ecosystems in Africa

Anyanwu

Okpala

Chah

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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The mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene threatens the efficacy of colistin (COL), a last-line antibiotic used in treating deadly infections. For more than six decades, COL is used in livestock around the globe, including Africa. The use of critically important antimicrobial agents, like COL, is largely unregulated in Africa, and many other factors militate against effective antimicrobial stewardship in the continent. Currently, ten mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) have been described. In Africa, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, mcr-8, and mcr-9 have been detected in isolates from humans, animals, foods of animal origin, and the environment. These genes are harboured by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Different conjugative and nonconjugative plasmids form the backbone for mcr in these isolates; however, mcr-1 and mcr-3 have also been integrated into the chromosome of some African strains. Insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), either located upstream or downstream of mcr, class 1 integrons, and transposons, are drivers of mcr in Africa. Genes coding multi/extensive drug resistance and virulence are colocated with mcr on plasmids in African strains. Transmission of mcr to/among African strains is nonclonal. Contact with mcr-habouring reservoirs, the consumption of contaminated foods of animal/plant origin or fluid, animal-/plant-based food trade and travel serve as exportation, importation, and transmission routes of mcr gene-containing bacteria in Africa. Herein, the current status of plasmid-mediated COL resistance in humans, food-producing animals, foods of animal origin, and environment in Africa is discussed.

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Section: Plasmid-mediated Colistin Resistance Among Isolates From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene Harbouring Isolates from Different Ecosystems in Africa

Anyanwu

Okpala

Chah

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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“…Self-medication of birds based on previous experiences was common. This was not unanticipated as self-prescription of antimicrobials is a shared practice by livestock owners in Nigeria (29,41,42,43,44). A recent study conducted among pig farmers reported that they were more convenient to self-prescribe and medicate animals due to the easy access to off-counter drugs, poor antimicrobial policies, and inadequate and expensive veterinary services (44).…”

Section: Information Channel Preferred By Lbs For Antimicrobial Stewardship Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was not unanticipated as self-prescription of antimicrobials is a shared practice by livestock owners in Nigeria (29,41,42,43,44). A recent study conducted among pig farmers reported that they were more convenient to self-prescribe and medicate animals due to the easy access to off-counter drugs, poor antimicrobial policies, and inadequate and expensive veterinary services (44). Several LBS reported that they have purchased AMs from human medicine pharmacies, most frequently tetracycline and chloramphenicol in capsule form for the treatment of sick birds.…”

Section: Information Channel Preferred By Lbs For Antimicrobial Stewardship Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Use Practices in Live Bird Markets within Abeokuta Metropolis, Southwest, Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey

Adebowale

Makanjuola

Bankole

et al. 2021

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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The development of an antimicrobial stewardship plan (AMSP) for live bird sellers (LBS) requires an understanding of the current biosecurity status, antimicrobial use (AMU) and the practices involved in live bird selling (e.g., drivers, sellers, etc.) which is a direct source of poultry meat for human consumption. Seven Live Bird Markets (LBMs) within Abeokuta, Ogun State were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data on LBMs characteristics, LBS demographics, biosecurity, and AMU practices, awareness on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), as well as preferred channels of information on antimicrobial stewardship were gathered. A total of 40 consenting LBS with 82.5% female and 17.5% male participants were included in the study. The participants’ mean age was 45.3 years (SD±11.9, range: 23-70 years). Laying hens, broilers, and cockerels were the main poultry types sold by LBS. Antimicrobials (AMs) were used for growth promotion (57.5%), therapeutic (40.0%), and prophylactic (2.5%) purposes. Tetracycline, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol were the most frequently used AMs. The majority of the participants (90.0%) have treated birds based on their empirical experience, with little or no inputs from veterinarians. Biosecurity and AMU practices were generally low (54.0% and 34.0%, respectively). The contact with veterinarians was associated with satisfactory biosecurity practices (p=0.049). No significant factors were found to be linked with AMU. This study has provided recent evidence-based data on practices in poultry management among LBS in Abeokuta, Ogun state. The findings would be useful for policy decisions and the development of AMSP on prudent AMU among LBS.

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“…While the goal is to receive the correct dosages of the right antibiotics, the cost involved in the medical care resulting from antibiotic abuse during perinatal periods is high (Cardetti et al 2020 ). Another form of antimicrobial abuse, which forms the burden of antibiotic use is link to food animal (Adebowale et al 2020 ). The genetic capacities of microbes are seen with increasing resistance genes due to overuse of antibiotics.…”

Section: Antibiotic Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

The varying effects of antibiotics on gut microbiota

et al. 2021

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Antibiotics are lifesaving therapeutic drugs that have been used by human for decades. They are used both in the fight against bacterial pathogens for both human and for animal feeding. However, of recent, their effects on the gut microbial compositions and diversities have attracted much attention. Existing literature have established the dysbiosis (reduced diversity) in the gut microbiota in association with antibiotic and antibiotic drug doses. In the light of spelling out the varying effects of antibiotic use on gut microbiota, this review aimed at given an account on the degree of gut microbial alteration caused by common antibiotics. While some common antibiotics are found to destroy the common phyla, other debilitating effects were observed. The effects can be attributed to the mode of mechanism, the class of antibiotic, the degree of resistance of the antibiotic used, the dosage used during the treatment, the route of administration, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties and the spectrum of the antibiotic agent. Health status, stress or the type of diet an individual feeds on could be a great proportion as confounding factors. While it is understood that only the bacterial communities are explored in the quest to establishing the role of gut in health, other gut microbial species are somehow contributing to the dysbiosis status of the gut microbiota. Until now, long term natural fluctuations like diseases outbreaks and mutations of the strain might as well rendered alteration to the gut independent of antibiotic treatments.

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Farmers’ Perceptions and Drivers of Antimicrobial Use and Abuse in Commercial Pig Production, Ogun State, Nigeria

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

Prevalence and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene Harbouring Isolates from Different Ecosystems in Africa

Prevalence and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene Harbouring Isolates from Different Ecosystems in Africa

Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Use Practices in Live Bird Markets within Abeokuta Metropolis, Southwest, Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey

The varying effects of antibiotics on gut microbiota

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