Farmers’ Livelihood Adaptability in Rural Tourism Destinations: An Evaluation Study of Rural Revitalization in China

Abstract

Rural tourism is one of the important ways to achieve rural revitalization and one of the choices for farmers to improve their viability. Therefore, the socio-ecological systems (SES) analysis framework and obstacle factor analysis can provide a new perspective for the evaluation of farmers’ behavior adaptation processes. In order to test the adaptation mechanisms of farmers’ lives in rural tourism destinations, we applied this analysis framework to Ying-Tao-Gou Village in China. The study found that the livelihood adaptation strategies of local farmers can be divided into the categories of “tourism livelihood”, “part-time livelihood”, “worker livelihood”, and “farming livelihood”. The livelihood adaptation of local farmers presented a relatively balanced picture. There were significant differences in the livelihood adaptability of different types of farmers, but tourism farmers had the strongest livelihood adaptability. There were various barriers to the livelihood adaptation of different types of farmers, such as household savings and education level. Finally, to improve the adaptability of farmers’ livelihoods, amendments can be made in policy formulation, tourism development, and by the farmers themselves. This study is of great significance for the government in formulating policies to improve people’s livelihoods, to stimulate the vitality of rural development, and to accelerate the development of rural revitalization.

Rural Tourism: Does It Matter for Sustainable Farmers’ Income?

“…(5) The fifth is that using the number of rural tourists as a new index to measure rural tourism, we re-estimate the effect of rural tourism on sustainable farmers' income, and we find that the findings in this paper are robust. In general, these findings enrich the existing literature as they only concentrate on the direct effect of rural tourism on farmers' income [76][77][78][79].…”

Can China’s digital inclusive finance help rural revitalization? A perspective based on rural economic development and income disparity

“…From the perspective of empirical methodology, the econometric model in this study may have an insurmountable "endogeneity" problem, and the rural revitalization strategy and Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org digital financial inclusion may be influenced by a series of unobservable factors, such as farmers' expectations of the future and personal consumption preferences, which will lead to bias in the estimation of the regression coefficients of digital financial inclusion (Li et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2021d). To avoid possible endogeneity problems in the measurement, we construct GS, GB, and GD indicators for instrumental variable estimation, drawing on the study of Xingjian Yi and Zhou Li (2018) (Yi and Zhou, 2018).…”

Measurement and Path Selection of Rural Development Level in Enclave Areas: A Case Study of Jingyuan County, Gansu Province

“…From the perspective of research scale and regional selection, most studies focus on Europe, North America, Northeast Asia, and developed countries [5,13,38,41] such as the United States, France, South Korea, and Japan [22,[47][48][49][50]. Rural studies in China are mostly based on regional, provincial, and county scales [20,44,51,52]. In recent years, the scale of rural research has gradually focused on the micro field, paying more attention to the micro regional space and specific groups of rural residents [28,36,53,54].…”