Farmers’ exposure to dusts and gases in modern Finnish cubicle cow houses

Louhelainen, Kyösti; Kangas, Juhani; Reiman, Marjut; Kalliokoski, Pentti

doi:10.23986/afsci.72784

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1995). In a study in which Tween was not used for extraction, between 0·4 and 4 μg endotoxin m –3 was found in Finnish cow barns during milking and feeding (Louhelainen et al . 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust‐borne bacteria in animal sheds, schools and children's day care centres

Andersson

Weiss

Rainey

et al. 1999

Journal of Applied Microbiology

143

112

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A total of 316 bacterial strains, including psychrophiles, mesophiles and thermophiles, were isolated and identified from indoor dusts in schools, children's day care centres and animal sheds. Several species which had not previously been reported from indoor environments were found: Sphingomonas, Brevibacterium, Nocardiopsis, Deinococcus and Rhodococcus/Gordona. A new psychrophilic actinomycete genus was also found in animal sheds, representing a new undescribed peptidoglycan type and an unusual whole-cell fatty acid composition. The indoor dusts of animal sheds contained mainly the Gram-negative genera Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Flavobacterium and Xanthomonas early in the indoor feeding season, but changed to a composition dominated by Bacillus, Micrococcus and mesophilic and thermophilic actinomycetes towards the end of the season. The dust contained, and air-borne bacterial flora in schools and day care centres were dominated by, Gram-positive bacilli and actinomycetes, notably Bacillus cereus, Brevibacillus brevis, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis and species of Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus/Gordona, Nocardiopsis sp., Deinococcus, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus. Indoor air and dust contained Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Ac. lwoffi, Bacillus cereus and Nocardiopsis dassonvillei with the status of hazard group II. Indoor dusts of animal sheds contained eight different 3-hydroxy fatty acids, the 2-hydroxy fatty acid 14: 0 and two 10-methyl fatty acids, whereas in dusts from schools and day care centres, these were below the detection level (³ 3·5 ng mg −1). The 3-and 2-hydroxy fatty acids could be assigned to one or more of the dust-contained cultivable strains, but 10-methyl C16: 0 was not present in any of the strains isolated. The dusts from schools and children's day care centres contained 0·2-0·3 ng of endotoxin mg −1 and 0·5-1·4 ng of b-Dglucan mg −1 , whereas the dusts from animal sheds contained more 0·3-41 ng mg −1 and 8-35 ng mg −1 , respectively. INTRODUCTIONAssociation of occupational diseases with microbially-contaminated indoor air from animal sheds, and school and children's day care centre buildings with a history of moisture damage, has long been suspected by health authorities (Donham 1994;Kauppinen et al. 1994;Lacey 1994;Rylander 1996; Taskinen et al. 1997). Water-damaged indoor building materials are frequently colonized by complex bacterial com- 1994;Andersson et al. 1997).The assessment of bacterial aerosols has mainly focused on the total amount of air-borne bacteria, or on a few hazardous agents such as endotoxin or b-glucan (Olenchock et al. 1990;Donham 1994;Dutkiewicz et al. 1992;Rylander 1996). In most studies, air-borne microbes have been cultivated with no attempt to maximize the yield of cultivable bacteria by resuscitation. The cultivable part of bioaerosols described in these studies may represent a highly selected population of species resistant to environmental stress. Only 0·1-10% of the bacteria counted by direct microscopic techniques may INDOOR D...

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“…1995). In a study in which Tween was not used for extraction, between 0·4 and 4 μg endotoxin m –3 was found in Finnish cow barns during milking and feeding (Louhelainen et al . 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust‐borne bacteria in animal sheds, schools and children's day care centres

Andersson

Weiss

Rainey

et al. 1999

Journal of Applied Microbiology

143

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to the fact that farmers often live at the farm, their daily exposure to occupational agents is usually longer than in other occupations [4]. Farmers are exposed to dusts and several types of gases in their working environment [13,14]. Dust is mainly composed of organic material from straw, hay, grain, animals, mites, and microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In confinement buildings, the two major constituents in total and respirable aerosol are grain particles and dried faecal material [16]. Especially in cow farms, levels of airborne gases [13] and concentrations of total dust and endotoxins of gram negative bacteria [17] are higher than in other farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Farmers: Severity and Work-Relatedness

Stoleski

Минов

Karadžinska-Bislimovska

et al. 2014

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in farmers, with emphasize to their severity and work-relatedness due occupational risk factors and farming characteristics.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed including 60 cow breeders aged 21 to 65 years, compared to an equal number of agricultural farmers matched by age, job exposure duration, and smoking status. We have used a questionnaire to record the chronic respiratory symptoms, detailed work history, specific farming activities and tasks performed, and smoking history. Evaluation of examined subjects also included lung function spirometry tests, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness testing.RESULTS: We found higher prevalence of work related respiratory symptoms in the last 12 months in cow breeders with significant difference for phlegm (P = 0.039), and wheezing (P = 0.026). Mean values of all spirometric parameters were lower in cow breeders, reaching significance for MEF50 (P = 0.001) and MEF75 (P = 0.000). Significant difference was found for mild bronchial hyperresponsiveness among cow breeders with job exposure of more than 15 years. The risk of developing work-related respiratory symptoms increased significantly with full-time farming, exposure to gases and vapors, and keeping more than 10 cows.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that workplace exposure in farmers may cause respiratory impairment which is closely related to its duration, characteristics, and intensity. The results suggest that cow breeders in general have higher rates of work-related respiratory symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness than agricultural farmers, whereas their severity increases with an increase in frequency and duration of animal contact

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“…This is in striking contrast to the exposure time of 1–3 years during which the majority of the cases of respiratory allergy appear in laboratory animal workers [33–35]. Both groups are exposed to similar concentrations of lipocalin allergens [14, 22, 29]. One difference between the two groups is the age at the beginning of exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…An approximation can be made, however, of the practical signi®cance of the challenge threshold. Louhelainen et al determined airborne concentrations of cow dander and Bos d 2 in Finnish cowsheds [29]. The concentrations were measured by immunochemical quanti®cation techniques [22,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold levels of purified natural Bos d 2 for inducing bronchial airway response in asthmatic patients

Zeiler¹,

Taivainen

Mäntyjärvi³

et al. 2002

Clin Experimental Allergy

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The efficacy of Bos d 2 in bronchial provocation in patients with occupational cattle-associated asthma was confirmed and the range of the threshold level was determined. There were individual variations, but the response in provocation remains the reference method for identification of the cause of occupational atopic asthma. SPT and the measurement of specific IgE antibodies, preferably with purified or recombinant major allergens, increase the accuracy of the diagnosis.

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Farmers’ exposure to dusts and gases in modern Finnish cubicle cow houses

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Dust‐borne bacteria in animal sheds, schools and children's day care centres

Dust‐borne bacteria in animal sheds, schools and children's day care centres

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Farmers: Severity and Work-Relatedness

Threshold levels of purified natural Bos d 2 for inducing bronchial airway response in asthmatic patients

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