Farmers’ Awareness about Impacts of Reusing
Wastewater, Risk Perception and Adaptation
to Climate Change in Faisalabad District,
Pakistan

Sohail, Muhammad Tayyab; Lin, Xuan; Lizhi, Liang; Rizwanullah, Muhammad; Nasrullah, M.Sc Dr.Ir.; Yu, Xiuyuan; Manzoor, Zaira; Elis, Randriamihanta Jery

doi:10.15244/pjoes/134292

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…At the same time, in the face of the challenges of climate change, farmers are well aware of the value of wastewater as a kind of fertilizer instead of the impact of contaminated water on crops. Furthermore, smallholders face more threats than well-settled farmers, which means a new type of ecological agriculture system is now urgently needed [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. By combining crop farming and animal husbandry, crop–livestock systems improve nutrient cycling and energy efficiency, thus gaining benefits economically and ecologically [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Trends in Crop–Livestock Systems: A Bibliometric Review

Yang

Liu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Agricultural straw waste and livestock manure are often misplaced resources. The separation of planting and breeding has induced significant pressure on the environment. Thus, there is a growing need for a system that can integrate crop and livestock farming to improve resource efficiency. To clarify the current state of crop–livestock systems in China and elsewhere, a bibliometric analysis was conducted for a total of 18,628 published English and 3460 published Chinese research articles and dissertations on circular agriculture. The published research papers were taken from the ISI Web of Science and CNKI database to explore research hotpots, research methods, theme trends, and mainstream technical models of crop–livestock systems from 1981 to 2021. Recent progress in crop–livestock systems was analyzed from ecological, economic, social benefits, and stakeholder perspectives. The research results showed that compared with traditional agricultural models, crop–livestock systems had far more ecologic and social benefits, including gaining higher net income and input-output ratio, improving soil quality, and mitigating global warming. The drivers of crop–livestock systems’ development were also analyzed from stakeholders’ perspectives. The study provides insights into the development of circular agriculture by reducing the pollution risks of agricultural waste and improving both ecological and economic benefits of the system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Trends in Crop–Livestock Systems: A Bibliometric Review

Yang

Liu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Multiple studies [ 19 , 29 , 35 ] have examined consumer satisfaction with the quality of drinking water. Numerous variables, including availability and safety of water sources, taste, and attitudes toward chemicals, influence the quality of drinking water [ 2 , 7 , 28 , 29 ]. Few inhabitants utilize barreled or bottled water, but they often believe that bottled water is a clean and safe product, which may explain the 100% satisfaction rate for barreled or bottled water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 43.3% indicated that they pay attention only in their free time. In recent years, severe water pollution incidents, such as contamination with heavy metals, algal blooms, organic chemical spills, and microbiological contamination, have caused public concern [ 25 , 28 , 29 ]. In response to the question, “What type of water pollution incident do you pay attention to?” some residents wanted to know whether long-term consumption of bottled or barreled water is harmful to the human body and what diseases could be caused by drinking unclean water for an extended time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall findings of pilot testing inveterate the reliability of the questionnaire scale. Finally, following the sampling method used by other researchers [ 28 , 29 ], the questionnaire survey was conducted among the residents of 5 tehsils of Faisalabad with the help of final year students (100 questionnaires distributed in each tehsil). The objective of using purposive sampling was to balance respondents from each tehsil of Faisalabad.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Awareness Level of Business Students regarding Drinking Water Safety and Associated Adulteration Accidents: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach

Zahid

Khurshid

Khan³

et al. 2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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The industrialization of metropolis urban areas with dry and steppe climates raise substantial environmental contamination, particularly in the water domain. This research investigated the awareness levels of business students toward drinking water quality and safety. We further explored the knowledge of the business students regarding drinking water issues and remedies. Eighty-four percent of respondents were happy with the quality of their drinking water, according to the findings. Approximately 66% of respondents paid special or rather high attention to drinking water quality and contamination incidents, particularly regarding possible harm to the human body and health, impact scope, and accident reasons. Few respondents reported to the health department or phoned the water safety department; 47.5% of respondents resolved drinking water issues independently. Age and education level did not play a significant role in the degree of public satisfaction with water quality or the public’s perception of water pollution incidents; however, business students in Samundri were more satisfied with their drinking water quality, and residents of Faisalabad Sadar were more aware of drinking water contamination incidents than residents in areas without such a network. Respondents with higher levels of education were more aware of water quality and pollution incidents than those with lower levels of education. The steppe climate, diverse human activities, and industrialization led to water pollution. The current research findings may provide fundamental data for efficient water management in the most populated and industrialized regions.

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“…Heavy metals, such as Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Cadmium (Cd) have the tendency to accumulate in water bodies [15,19]. Due to acute freshwater shortage, local farmers are utilising raw hospital wastewater for crop irrigation [20,21]. This results in the accumulation of toxic pollutants in crop plants [4,15,18,19] that are comprised of pharmaceutic compounds, heavy metals and other toxic contaminants [6,19,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning Approach to Predict Quality Parameters for Bacterial Consortium-Treated Hospital Wastewater and Phytotoxicity Assessment on Radish, Cauliflower, Hot Pepper, Rice and Wheat Crops

Rashid

Mirza

Keating

et al. 2022

Water

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Raw hospital wastewater is a source of excessive heavy metals and pharmaceutical pollutants. In water-stressed countries such as Pakistan, the practice of unsafe reuse by local farmers for crop irrigation is of major concern. In our previous work, we developed a low-cost bacterial consortium wastewater treatment method. Here, in a two-part study, we first aimed to find what physico-chemical parameters were the most important for differentiating consortium-treated and untreated wastewater for its safe reuse. This was achieved using a Kruskal–Wallis test on a suite of physico-chemical measurements to find those parameters which were differentially abundant between consortium-treated and untreated wastewater. The differentially abundant parameters were then input to a Random Forest classifier. The classifier showed that ‘turbidity’ was the most influential parameter for predicting biotreatment. In the second part of our study, we wanted to know if the consortium-treated wastewater was safe for crop irrigation. We therefore carried out a plant growth experiment using a range of popular crop plants in Pakistan (Radish, Cauliflower, Hot pepper, Rice and Wheat), which were grown using irrigation from consortium-treated and untreated hospital wastewater at a range of dilutions (turbidity levels) and performed a phytotoxicity assessment. Our results showed an increasing trend in germination indices and a decreasing one in phytotoxicity indices in plants after irrigation with consortium-treated hospital wastewater (at each dilution/turbidity measure). The comparative study of growth between plants showed the following trend: Cauliflower > Radish > Wheat > Rice > Hot pepper. Cauliflower was the most adaptive plant (PI: −0.28, −0.13, −0.16, −0.06) for the treated hospital wastewater, while hot pepper was susceptible for reuse; hence, we conclude that bacterial consortium-treated hospital wastewater is safe for reuse for the irrigation of cauliflower, radish, wheat and rice. We further conclude that turbidity is the most influential parameter for predicting bio-treatment efficiency prior to water reuse. This method, therefore, could represent a low-cost, low-tech and safe means for farmers to grow crops in water stressed areas.

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Farmers’ Awareness about Impacts of Reusing Wastewater, Risk Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change in Faisalabad District, Pakistan

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Research Trends in Crop–Livestock Systems: A Bibliometric Review

Research Trends in Crop–Livestock Systems: A Bibliometric Review

Awareness Level of Business Students regarding Drinking Water Safety and Associated Adulteration Accidents: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach

Machine Learning Approach to Predict Quality Parameters for Bacterial Consortium-Treated Hospital Wastewater and Phytotoxicity Assessment on Radish, Cauliflower, Hot Pepper, Rice and Wheat Crops

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