Farmer and Pig Exposure to Aerial Contaminants in a Pig Confinement Building

Abstract

Optimal management of air quality in pig confinement buildings is essential for both hygienic and environmental aspects of pig production. The exposure level of farmers and pigs to aerial contaminants and correlations between environmental variables were evaluated in pig confinement buildings (piggeries). We evaluated the following aerial contaminants: (1) odor concentration index and the gaseous compounds ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, (2) total dust and respirable dust, and (3) microbes, comprising total bacteria, fungi, and gram-negative bacteria. The data presented in the study were collected over 30 days, with sampling once every three days from April to June in 2005. Although the concentrations of all the aerial contaminants except for respirable dust and ammonia were higher in the breathing zone of the pigs than in that of farmers, the only significant differences found between farmers' and pigs' breathing zones were in total dust and hydrogen sulfide. In contrast, ammonia concentration was significantly higher in the farmers' breathing zone than the pigs' (p < 0.05). Total dust significantly correlated with all the environmental variables except for respirable dust and inside temperature. Relative humidity, rather than temperature, was the main environmental factor affecting fluctuations of aerial contaminants in the pig confinement buildings (p < 0.05).

Mycoplasma genitalium infection in the female reproductive system: Diseases and treatment

“…Subsequently, many experiments confirmed that Mycoplasma chronic infection promoted malignant transformation resulting from the dysregulation of genes such as Ras, Myc, or P53 and nuclear factor-κB activation in host cells (Borchsenius et al, 2018). Moreover, Mycoplasma infection promotes tumor progression by increasing the expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Kim et al, 2019), inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Duan et al, 2014b), and activating the β-catenin signaling pathway (Liu et al, 2019) and epidermal growth factor receptor-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling axis (Duan et al, 2014a). Although there is no evidence that Mycoplasma can be directly tumorigenic in vivo, analysis of the association between Mycoplasma infection and cell transformation, apoptosis, genomic instability, tumor invasion and metastasis, and drug resistance suggests that Mycoplasma infection is involved in the development of tumors (Li et al, 2022).…”

Over 32% Efficient All‐Inorganic Two‐Terminal CsPbI2Br/Si Tandem Solar Cells: A Numerical Investigation

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“…Monolithic 2 T tandems are particularly chosen because of their simple integrated design and low parasitic absorption as compared to the 4 T counterparts. [24] Moreover, despite its high efficiency and easy integration process, the widespread use and commercialization of the mechanically stacked 4 T tandem architecture are limited by additional module and interconnection costs. [38] The article is organized as follows.…”

Flexible Active Crossbar Arrays Using Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Technology toward Artificial Neural Networks Hardware

“…[26] More recently, Kim et al reported on a fluoropolymer-based organic memristor in a 1T1M configuration built onto a flexible PEN substrate. [27] The TFTs source and drain material and deposition layer is also the memristors bottom contact and fluoropolymer memristor active layer is applied for passivation of the TFT.…”