Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) by-Products Valorization: Viscera Oil ω-3 Enrichment by Short-Path Distillation and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation

Abstract

This study shows a pilot scale protocol aimed to obtain an omega 3-enriched oil after the processing of farmed gilthead sea bream viscera (SBV); this was oil was tested in vitro for bioactivity, attesting to the possibility to turn waste into profit The quality of the oil, in terms of requirements for animal and human consumption, was assessed by determining some chemical parameters, such as peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ρ-anisidine (ρ-AV) content, total oxidation value (TOTOX), and phospholipids and free fatty acid (%), both in crude viscera oil (CVO) and refined viscera oil (RVO). Among the extraction conditions, the higher CVO yields were obtained at 60 °C for 10 min (57.89%) and at 80 °C for 10 min (67.5%), and the resulting oxidation levels were low when utilizing both extraction conditions. RVO, obtained from CVO extracted at 60 °C, showed the highest quality on the basis of the assessed parameters. The ethyl esters of the total fatty acid (TFA) contents extracted from RVO were enriched in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction (PUFAE) up to almost 56% via short path distillation (SPD). Antioxidant activities and adipogenic properties were tested in vitro. PUFAE protected 3T3 L1 cells from oxidative stress and exerted an anti-adipogenic effect in Dicentrarchus labrax pre-adipocytes, attesting to the beneficial properties for both farmed fish and human health. These results could stimulate the adoption of solutions aimed to recover and utilize aquaculture by-products at a higher scale, turning “waste into profit” and indicating a strategy to reach more sustainable business models in aquaculture resource utilization according to the principles of the circular economy.

Effect of Cold Smoking and Natural Antioxidants on Quality Traits, Safety and Shelf Life of Farmed Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Fillets, as a Strategy to Diversify Aquaculture Products

“…During the shelf life, the L* parameter remained constant and increased significantly (p < 0.5) in the last days of storage (Table 1). This significant increase was also observed in other species such as sea bass [33].…”

“…The texture analysis was conducted as described by Messina et al [33]. Two small fragments (1.8 cm Ø) obtained from the same portions of each fillet were used.…”

“…The Water holding capacity (WHC) was determined using the method described by Teixeira et al [35], with some modifications reported by Messina et al [33]. The analyses were performed in triplicate for each sample.…”

Valorization of Side Stream Products from Sea Cage Fattened Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus): Production and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of Enriched ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

“…The need to combine the sustainable management of marine resources with strong actions to recover the intrinsic value of side streams from fisheries and aquaculture is becoming a priority [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Actually, these side streams may represent unused or underutilized resources that still contain a wide number of components with high nutritional value [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

“…Actually, these side streams may represent unused or underutilized resources that still contain a wide number of components with high nutritional value [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. There is a growing interest in research and industry for the sustainable use of fisheries and marine organisms and processing side streams for the extraction of high biological value molecules [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], especially side streams which can be used to obtain molecules of biochemical interest such as fatty acids, peptides, antioxidants, and bioactive metabolites [ 4 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], which can be utilized in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and animal feed fields [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 ].…”