Farm yard manure application mitigates aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency for different upland rice genotypes

Abstract

Upland rice production on acid, weathered soils is often constrained by phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminium toxicity. Farmyard manure application (FYM) can sharply enhance yields and agronomic P fertilizer (TSP) efficiency under such abiotic stresses. We tested the hypothesis that rice genotypes differ in aluminium tolerance and in the extent of using organic P, offering distinct benefits under TSP‐FYM combinations. Multiple field trials were conducted in the uplands of Madagascar, with factorial combinations of six genotypes, amendments of FYM (at a rate of 17–25 kg P ha−1 vs. a zero control) and TSP application (40 kg P ha−1 vs. a zero control), with blanket N&K additions. Rice grain yields reached a maximum of 6 t/ha after three years of TSP + FYM application, with an average of 3.2 t/ha over the years. Grain yields were about 1.2 t/ha for FYM only and about 1.5 t/ha for TSP only while crops failed under zero P input. Genotypic effects on rice yields were much smaller than the large effects of FYM, TSP or its combination. Application of FYM increased soil pH and CaCl2‐extractable P while decreasing CaCl2‐extractable aluminium. An additional liming trial indicated that the beneficial effects of FYM over TSP relate to liming effects. The FYM application lowers aluminium toxicity which overrules potential effects of organic P supply. Hence, genotypic ranking of yields and agronomic efficiency was inconsistent, without superior genotypes under FYM vs. TSP. However, Chomrong Dhan and FOFIFA 172 generally displayed superior yields. Chomrong Dhan is found to be more sensitive to aluminium toxicity whereas FOFIFA 172 is less performant under low P input. Aluminium tolerance should be considered when developing rice genotypes for high P efficiency in weathered soils.

Biochar and Silicon for Sustainable Agriculture in Acid Soil- Nutrient Dynamics and Maize Production: A Review

“…For Alsensitive species, long-term Al-P alternating treatment may not always reduce Al toxicity and may only work after Al stress has been eliminated, according to this study (Chen and Liao, 2016). Moreover, the p application of P fertilizer (TSP) or in organic form (Farmyard manure) can cause CaCl 2 -extractable aluminium to be reduced, whereas soil pH and the amount of P that can be extracted from CaCl 2 were both raised (De Bauw et al, 2021). Phosphorus applied with other nutrients such as nitrogen would enhance maize grain yield and nutrients (Zhihui et al ., 2016).…”

Phytotoxic Effects of Al on Root Growth Are Confounded in the Presence of Fulvic and Humic Acids

“…Organic amendments, including manures, biochar, and crop residues, may represent more practical ameliorants for Al toxicity in such regions [8,[10][11][12]. Conventional agricultural by-products, including hay and crop residues, can effectively ameliorate Al but require application at rates of 10 to 80 Mg ha −1 [10,13].…”

Fulvic and humic acids extracted from Eucalyptus and hay ameliorate Al toxicity effects on plant root growth through multiple mechanisms.

“…Organic amendments, including manures, biochar and crop residues, may represent more practical ameliorants for Al toxicity in such regions (Besho and Bell 1992;De Bauw et al 2021;Ginting 1993;Hale et al 2020;Shetty et al 2020). Conventional agricultural by-products, including hay and crop residues, require application at rates of 10 to 80 Mg ha -1 to effectively ameliorate Al toxicity (Besho and Bell 1992; Hue and Amien 1989).…”