Farm Value and Retirement of Farm Owners in Early-Twentieth-Century America

Lee, Chulhee

doi:10.1006/exeh.1999.0723

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…See Viechnicki 2002. 14 Similar regression analyses have been conducted in previous studies using various samples of Union army veterans, including Costa 1995aand 1995band Lee 1998and 1999 . However, this study is based on a much larger sample than those used previously.…”

Section: Occupational Difference In the Probability Of Retirementmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Therefore, farmers' retirement may have been enhanced by the huge appreciation of the value of their assets. Lee (1999) found that the average farm value of a county had a strong positive effect on the odds of retirement of farm owners who lived in that county during the first decade of the twentieth century. Also, farm owners living in counties that experienced a rapid growth in the farm value between 1900 and 1910 were more likely to retire by 1910.…”

Section: Occupational Difference In the Probability Of Retirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Labor Market Status of Older Males in the United States, 1880-1940

Lee¹

2005

Social Science History

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This article explores the labor market status of older males in the early twentieth century, focusing on how the extent of pressure toward retirement differed across occupations and how it changed over time. A comparison of the probability of retirement across occupations shows that men who had better occupations in terms of economic status and work conditions were less likely to retire than were those with poorer jobs. The difficulty faced by older workers in the labor market, as measured by the relative incidence of long-term unemployment, was relatively severe among craftsmen, operatives, and salesmen. In contrast, aged farmers, professionals, managers, and proprietors appear to have fared well in the labor market. The pattern of shifts in the occupational structure that occurred between 1880 and 1940 suggests that industrialization had brought a growth of the sectors in which the pressure toward departure from employment at old ages was relatively strong.

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Section: Occupational Difference In the Probability Of Retirementmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Occupational Difference In the Probability Of Retirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labor Market Status of Older Males in the United States, 1880-1940

Lee¹

2005

Social Science History

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“…* * * I am keenly aware that in this paper I have neglected several important lines of research in the Early Indicators project. These include a series of papers by Chulhee Lee on the factors that influenced the health and mortality of soldiers during the war, and the effect of wartime stress on subsequent health and labor force participation (Lee 1997(Lee , 1998(Lee , 1999a2003a, b, and c). There has also been a series of studies of specific diseases and disabilities, some of which are still at the working paper stage (Birchenall 2003;Wilson 2003;Wilson, Burton, and Howell 2003).…”

Section: Endogenous Treatment Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Process of Aging During the Twentieth Century: Findings and Procedures of the Early Indicators Project

Fogel

2003

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The program project Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease and Death investigates how socioeconomic and environmental factors in early life can shape health and work levels in later life. Project researchers have approached this problem by creating a life-cycle sample that permits a longitudinal study of the aging of Union Army veterans, the first cohort to reach age 65 during the twentieth century. Comparing Union Army data with data from NHANES and NHIS has shown that age-specific prevalence rates of specific chronic diseases and disabilities were much higher in the century before World War II among both young and old than today. Moreover, the number of comorbidities at each age has fallen sharply. Also, the average age at onset of chronic diseases was more than a decade later at the end of the twentieth century than at the beginning. The implications of these findings for several issues in health economics are discussed.

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“…Therefore, farmers' retirement may have been enhanced by the huge appreciation of the value of their assets. Lee (1999) found that the average farm value of a county had a strong positive effect on the odds of retirement of farm owners who lived in that county during the first decade of the twentieth century. Also, farm owners living in counties which experienced a rapid growth in the farm value between 1900 and 1910 were more likely to retire by 1910.…”

Section: Occupational Difference In the Probability Of Retirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 This analysis is based on the longitudinal sample of 3100 aged Union army veterans who were successfully linked to the 1900 and 1910 censuses and who were gainfully employed in 1900. 13 Since retirement decisions would be affected by various factors other than occupation, I conduct a Similar regression analyses have been conducted in previous studies using various samples of 14 Union army veterans including Costa (1995a and1995b) and Lee (1998 and1999). However, this study is based on a much larger sample than those used previously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Labor Market Status of Older Males in the United States, 1880-1940

Lee¹

2003

Self Cite

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This paper examines the labor market status of older males in the era of industrialization, focusing on the question of how the extent of pressure toward retirement varied across different occupations, and how it changed over time. A comparison of hazard of retirement across occupations shows that men who had better occupations in terms of economic status and work conditions were less likely to retire than were those with poorer jobs. This result tends to reject the recent view that retirement was more voluntary than forced as early as a century ago. The difficulty faced by older workers in the labor market, as measured by the relative incidence of long-term unemployment, was relatively severe among craftsmen, operatives, and salesmen. In constrast, aged farmers, professionals, managers, and proprietors appear to have fared well in the labor market. The pattern of shifts in the occupational structure that occurred between 1880 and 1940 suggests that industrialization had brought a growth of the sectors in which the pressure toward departure from employment at old ages was relatively strong.

show abstract

Farm Value and Retirement of Farm Owners in Early-Twentieth-Century America

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Labor Market Status of Older Males in the United States, 1880-1940

Labor Market Status of Older Males in the United States, 1880-1940

Changes in the Process of Aging During the Twentieth Century: Findings and Procedures of the Early Indicators Project

Labor Market Status of Older Males in the United States, 1880-1940

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