Farm size and landscape composition in relation to landscape changes in Denmark

Levin, Gregor

doi:10.1080/00167223.2006.10649556

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In present studies, the effects of landscape compositional and configurational crop heterogeneities are rarely disentangled because they are typically highly correlated in agricultural landscapes (Fahrig et al 2011). A few studies have nonetheless disentangled both heterogeneity components and found positive effects of crop diversity (Palmu et al 2014;Bertrand, Burel & Baudry 2016) and configuration (edge density or mean field size) on predatory arthropods and biological control ( € Ostman, Ekbom & Bengtsson 2001;Palmu et al 2014;Fahrig et al 2015;Bertrand, Burel & Baudry 2016). The increase in crop diversity over multiple years was shown to positively affect natural enemies as well (Bertrand, Burel & Baudry 2016) although long and diverse crop rotations did not affect aphid biological control (Rusch et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Landscape‐scale interactions of spatial and temporal cropland heterogeneity drive biological control of cereal aphids

Baillod

Tscharntke

Clough

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Agricultural landscapes are characterised by dynamic crop mosaics changing in composition and configuration over space and time. Although semi-natural habitat has been often shown to contribute to pest biological control, the effects of increasing landscape heterogeneity with cropland have been disregarded. Here, we examine how cereal aphids, their enemies and biological control are affected by the composition and configuration of the crop mosaic and its inter-annual change due to crop rotation. 2. We studied the abundance of cereal aphids, natural enemies and aphid parasitism over 2 years on 51 winter wheat fields. Arthropods were monitored at three distances (0, 10, 30 m) from field borders. Fields were embedded in landscapes of 1-km diameter selected along orthogonal gradients of compositional crop heterogeneity (crop diversity), configurational heterogeneity (field border and grassy field boundary length) and inter-annual change in cover of aphid host habitats (cereal, maize and grassland). We aimed to disentangle spatial and temporal heterogeneity effects through these independent landscape gradients. 3. Aphid densities were lower in landscapes with smaller field size (more field borders) coupled with high amounts of grassy field boundaries. Aphid densities decreased also in landscapes with higher crop diversity when the cover of aphid host habitat had decreased from the year before. Aphid natural enemy densities decreased with smaller field size and high amounts of grassy field boundaries. Aphid parasitism decreased with the inter-annual expansion in aphid host habitat, but only in landscapes with small field sizes. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows for the first time that cereal aphid numbers can be reduced by optimising the composition, configuration and temporal heterogeneity of the crop mosaic. We highlight the value of maintaining small field sizes in agricultural landscapes and high densities of grassy boundaries for reducing aphid abundance. Landscape-wide crop diversification can reduce aphid densities as well.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Landscape‐scale interactions of spatial and temporal cropland heterogeneity drive biological control of cereal aphids

Baillod

Tscharntke

Clough

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…The study also presents the first global field size map at a 1 km 2 resolution. Information about field size can be used as a proxy for human development as research has shown that there is a positive relationship between field size and farm size (Levin, ) and farm size and income (Berry, ). This suggests that change in field size might be used as one indicator for human development and can be used to complement household surveys, which are resource intensive and prone to bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping global cropland and field size

Fritz

McCallum

You

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

437

353

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A new 1 km global IIASA-IFPRI cropland percentage map for the baseline year 2005 has been developed which integrates a number of individual cropland maps at global to regional to national scales. The individual map products include existing global land cover maps such as GlobCover 2005 and MODIS v.5, regional maps such as AFRICOVER and national maps from mapping agencies and other organizations. The different products are ranked at the national level using crowdsourced data from Geo-Wiki to create a map that reflects the likelihood of cropland. Calibration with national and subnational crop statistics was then undertaken to distribute the cropland within each country and subnational unit. The new IIASA-IFPRI cropland product has been validated using very high-resolution satellite imagery via Geo-Wiki and has an overall accuracy of 82.4%. It has also been compared with the EarthStat cropland Global Change Biology (2015Biology ( ) 21, 1980Biology ( -1992Biology ( , doi: 10.1111 product and shows a lower root mean square error on an independent data set collected from Geo-Wiki. The first ever global field size map was produced at the same resolution as the IIASA-IFPRI cropland map based on interpolation of field size data collected via a Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing campaign. A validation exercise of the global field size map revealed satisfactory agreement with control data, particularly given the relatively modest size of the field size data set used to create the map. Both are critical inputs to global agricultural monitoring in the frame of GEOGLAM and will serve the global land modelling and integrated assessment community, in particular for improving land use models that require baseline cropland information. These products are freely available for downloading from the http://cropland.geo-wiki.org website.

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“…From an economic perspective, field crop yields in the sampled farms (applying CA systems) were compared with the available statistic yields in Midi-Pyrénées under both ploughing and CA conditions for the 2006campaign (MAP, 2006. The results are shown in the Figure 4 below.…”

Section: Farms Survey Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation agriculture effects and policy support to mitigate soil degradation in Midi‐Pyrénées (France)

et al. 2011

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This paper draws on the results of a case study within the SoCo project and aims to assess the benefits and constraints in the application of conservation agriculture (CA) methods in Midi-Pyrénées, France, along with an evaluation of the coherence of the policy framework designed to improve the protection of soil resources.Inappropriate agricultural practices, under particular climate, terrain and soil conditions, have contributed to make erosion the main soil degradation phenomenon in Midi-Pyrénées, particularly under spring crops. The decrease of carbon stock is also a relevant issue.Among the various techniques applied by local farmers to reduce the impact of soil degradation on their land, CA appeared popular and was therefore analysed in detail.No specific legislation on soil protection is currently available in France, while the present agri-environmental policy, including the Rural Development Plan and the cross compliance measures, focuses mainly on water quality and biodiversity.A mixed methodological approach was used consisting of a literature review on the status of soils, of the characteristics of CA practices and of the soil-related policies in force. Semi-structured interviews with selected stakeholders on the use of soil conservation techniques and on soil legislation allowed a broader discussion of the study results.The research suggests that CA can effectively contribute to mitigate soil degradation in Midi-Pyrénées, although some implementation drawbacks seem to limit its wider use mainly due to lack of a specific support. Therefore, a better targeting of existing policies would be desirable for an improved protection of soil resources.

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Farm size and landscape composition in relation to landscape changes in Denmark

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Landscape‐scale interactions of spatial and temporal cropland heterogeneity drive biological control of cereal aphids

Landscape‐scale interactions of spatial and temporal cropland heterogeneity drive biological control of cereal aphids

Mapping global cropland and field size

Conservation agriculture effects and policy support to mitigate soil degradation in Midi‐Pyrénées (France)

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