Farm biosecurity practices affecting avian influenza virus circulation in commercial chicken farms in Bangladesh.

Islam, Ariful; Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur; Hassan, Mohammad Mahmudul; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Klaassen, Marcel

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100681

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In the present study, no access of visitors into the poultry farms has been reported as a significant protective factor against AIV transmission, whereas the previous studies illustrated that visitors not allowed from other poultry farms and retail markets significantly reduce the odds of AIV transmission ( 80 , 85 ). In our study, we observed that the predicted prevalence of AIV transmission was reported to be only 12% where there were no access visitors to the turkey farms, whereas, in the previous study by Subedi et al ( 86 ), this risk was reported to be 2.8 times higher in commercial farms where visitors are allowed to sheds during the H9 outbreak.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…Wild birds are the natural reservoir of AIV, and they can contaminate the environment of the farm by drooping in and around the farms, contributing to the transmission of AIV ( 59 , 79 ). The access of wild birds is commonly found in small-scale commercial poultry farms where they scavenge on feeds and water premises of commercial farms ( 70 , 80 ), which increases the risk of AIV infection from wild birds as HPAIV has been reported sporadically in wild birds in Bangladesh ( 34 , 81 ). Having access to wild animals within commercial farms had a 5.7 times higher risk of AIV transmission in commercial poultry ( 82 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms

Islam,

Dutta

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks pose a significant threat to the health of livestock, wildlife, and humans. Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are enzootic in poultry in many countries, including Bangladesh, necessitating improved farm biosecurity measures. However, the comprehension of biosecurity and hygiene practices, as well as the infection of AIV in turkey farms, are poorly understood in Bangladesh. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of AIV subtypes and their association with biosecurity and hygiene practices in turkey farms. We collected oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from individual turkeys from 197 farms across 9 districts in Bangladesh from March to August 2019. We tested the swab samples for the AIV matrix gene (M gene) followed by H5, H7, and H9 subtypes using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). We found 24.68% (95% CI:21.54–28.04) of turkey samples were AIV positive, followed by 5.95% (95% CI: 4.33–7.97) for H5, 6.81% (95% CI: 5.06–8.93) for H9 subtype and no A/H7 was found. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we determined 10 significant risk factors associated with AIV circulation in turkey farms. We found that the absence of sick turkeys, the presence of footbaths, the absence of nearby poultry farms, concrete flooring, and the avoidance of mixing newly purchased turkeys with existing stock can substantially reduce the risk of AIV circulation in turkey farms (odds ratio ranging from 0.02 to 0.08). Furthermore, the absence of nearby live bird markets, limiting wild bird access, no visitor access, improved floor cleaning frequency, and equipment disinfection practices also had a substantial impact on lowering the AIV risk in the farms (odds ratio ranging from 0.10 to 0.13). The results of our study underscore the importance of implementing feasible and cost-effective biosecurity measures aimed at reducing AIV transmission in turkey farms. Particularly in resource-constrained environments such as Bangladesh, such findings might assist governmental entities in enhancing biosecurity protocols within their poultry sector, hence mitigating and potentially averting the transmission of AIV and spillover to humans.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms

Islam,

Dutta

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…17 Another route for AI transmission is via poultry farms and the interconnected food chain network. 17,18 Among humans, the virus spreads through inhaling infectious droplets and direct or indirect contact, leading to self-inoculation on the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctival mucosa. 19 Human influenza A infections have been attributed to transmission from birds to humans and potential environment-to-human transmission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, biosafety, and biosecurity of Avian Influenza: Insights from the East Mediterranean region

AL‐Eitan,

Khair,

Shakhatreh

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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The World Organization for Animal Health defines Avian Influenza Virus as a highly infectious disease caused by diverse subtypes that continue to evolve rapidly, impacting poultry species, pet birds, wild birds, non‐human mammals, and occasionally humans. The effects of Avian influenza viruses have been recognised as a precursor for serious health concerns among affected birds, poultry, and human populations in the Middle East. Furthermore, low and high pathogenic avian influenza viruses lead to respiratory illness with varying severity, depending on the virus subtype (e.g., H5, H7, H9, etc.). Possible future outbreaks and endemics of newly emerging subtypes are expected to occur, as many studies have reported the emergence of novel mutations and viral subtypes. However, proper surveillance programs and biosecurity applications should be developed, and countries with incapacitated defences against such outbreaks should be encouraged to undergo complete reinstation and reinforcement in their health and research sectors. Public education regarding biosafety and virus prevention is necessary to ensure minimal spread of avian influenza endemic.

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Farm biosecurity practices affecting avian influenza virus circulation in commercial chicken farms in Bangladesh.

Cited by 2 publications

References 68 publications

Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms

Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms

Epidemiology, biosafety, and biosecurity of Avian Influenza: Insights from the East Mediterranean region

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