Farklı Cins Hayvan ile Otlatılan Meraların Sağlık ve Ekolojik Alan Sınıflaması

Abstract

Rangelands can renew itself or go backwards depending on the ecological factors. Rangelands exhibit positive, negative or neutral depending on using properties. The objective of this study was to determine rangeland health and ecological site distribution of grazed rangeland with cattle, sheep and mixed stocking in the Kargapazari Mountain Erzurum province. In the investigated rangelands, vegetation, soil and hydrology properties differed significantly. As a result of this study, it is possible to state that uncontrolled grazing with sheep gives more damage to vegetation and related resources than uncontrolled grazing with cattle in highland steppe rangelands where short grasses are dominated. But forbs of sheep taken under pressure should not be ignored. In conclusion, for sustainable use of steppe rangeland, providing suitable grazing season and grazing capacity, sheep and cattle herds can graze as mixture.

Uzun süre farklı otlatma baskısında bir veya birden fazla hayvan türü ile otlatılan meraların bazı vejetasyon karakteristikleri (Durum çalışması: Zonguldak ili, Türkiye)

“…Indeed, these results indicated that changes in the rangeland structure and dynamics due to the GP × GAS interactions may result in changes in rangeland supply and carrying capacity over the longer term. In terms of BC, the results support idea that the presence of sheep and goats in grazing systems could, also, have highly beneficial consequence or that rangelands grazed by mixtures of goats, sheep and cattle can have more invader herbaceous species than rangelands grazed by cattle alone (Benavides et al, 2009;Utsumi et al, 2010;Erkovan et al, 2016). A dramatically decrease in invader species such as Dryopteris filix-mas L. and Schott and Galega officinalis L. in the MSG rangelands compared to those of the SSG rangelands (data not shown) support ideas that the utilization of heterogeneous plant resources can be enhanced due to the complementary grazing of goats (Benavides et al, 2009).…”

“…A dramatically decrease in invader species such as Dryopteris filix-mas L. and Schott and Galega officinalis L. in the MSG rangelands compared to those of the SSG rangelands (data not shown) support ideas that the utilization of heterogeneous plant resources can be enhanced due to the complementary grazing of goats (Benavides et al, 2009). Thus, the presence of goats in MSG may be a more proficient way for productive as well as ecological goals (Benavides et al, 2009) or increase the sustainability of the pastoral system by maintaining more desirable species in rangelands compared to SSG system with cattle or sheep alone Erkovan et al, 2016).…”

“…This situation is depending on that the GAS is proficient of consuming all plant species, including alien species in rangelands (Erkovan et al, 2016). Grazing can affect ecosystems in many ways such as woody plant encroachment and livestock productivity as well as plant communities (Allred et al, 2012;Erkovan et al, 2016). The botanical composition (BC) and especially the rates of desirable plant species depend on the GP and GAS as well as plant species diversity (Tallowin et al, 2005;Alay et al, 2016;Bremm et al, 2016;Erkovan et al, 2016).…”

“…Existence and type of grass and/or legume in the rangelands, that is, rangeland quality are the main determinant in shaping the grazing plan to be applied to the rangelands. Moreover, assessment of rangeland quality is required to assist farmers with grazing planning and management, benchmarking between seasons and years (Erkovan et al, 2016;Pullanagari et al, 2018). Overgrazing for long periods can reduce canopy cover, alter BC and decrease range condition score (RCS).…”

“…Therefore, invasion of rangelands by weed species is a threat to animal production in Turkey. There are numerous effects of grazing on rangelands, and these effects have been the subject of much study in pastoral systems, because plant and animal species composition can be dramatically altered with the presence of singlespecies or multiple-species (Read et al, 2011;Erkovan et al, 2016). Indeed, it has been reported that the proportion of land desirable for grazing plant species and the density of plant or richness of species decreased as a result of the elimination of the less grazing-tolerant species (Allred et al, 2012;Uzun et al, 2016).…”